{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1512326166","doi":null,"title":"The Role of Internet Service Providers in Botnet Mitigation an Empirical Analysis Based on Spam Data","display_name":"The Role of Internet Service Providers in Botnet Mitigation an Empirical Analysis Based on Spam Data","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1512326166","mag":"1512326166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1512326166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1989198_code1743069.pdf?abstractid=1989198&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1989198_code1743069.pdf?abstractid=1989198&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012946294","display_name":"Michel J. G. van Eeten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0338-2812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0338-2812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel van Eeten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology,,,,,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0338-2812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology,,,,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075367429","display_name":"Johannes M. Bauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-3911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-3911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes M. Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University - Department of Media and Information"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-3911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University - Department of Media and Information","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081055206","display_name":"Hadi Asghari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-8417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-8417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Asghari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology,,,,,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-8417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology,,,,,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026045323","display_name":"Shirin Tabatabaie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirin Tabatabaie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David G. Rand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153322","display_name":"Trend Micro (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/043a53k35","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153322"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David G. Rand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trend Micro Incorporated"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trend Micro Incorporated","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnets","display_name":"botnets","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-service-providers","display_name":"internet service providers","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet-mitigation","display_name":"botnet mitigation","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spam","display_name":"spam","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-policy","display_name":"cybersecurity policy","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercitizenship","display_name":"cybercitizenship","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-intermediaries","display_name":"network intermediaries","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.96334308385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6011166572570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.521369993686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5099140405654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506615639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21662260","display_name":"Command and control","level":2,"score":0.45879173278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986707884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11371","display_name":"Internet service provider","level":3,"score":0.4220665395259857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33523350954055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2045961618423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14038366079330444}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1512326166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1989198_code1743069.pdf?abstractid=1989198&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3122821110","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2010/5-en","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1512326166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1989198_code1743069.pdf?abstractid=1989198&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52995396","https://openalex.org/W99502526","https://openalex.org/W1593657937","https://openalex.org/W1997708491","https://openalex.org/W2083477206","https://openalex.org/W2100307718","https://openalex.org/W2128781347","https://openalex.org/W2141985040","https://openalex.org/W2395392486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098873295","https://openalex.org/W3125871665","https://openalex.org/W189013775","https://openalex.org/W78690101","https://openalex.org/W7097587314","https://openalex.org/W52995396","https://openalex.org/W3094605615","https://openalex.org/W4244572011","https://openalex.org/W1901542899","https://openalex.org/W4233802931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Botnets,":[0],"networks":[1],"of":[2,22,109,114,122,132,148,179,189,206,220,241,263,270,291,299,305,314,338],"machines":[3,116,231,307],"infected":[4,24,115,142,230,292,306],"with":[5,137],"malicious":[6],"software,":[7],"are":[8,28,73,88,232,250],"widely":[9],"regarded":[10],"as":[11,55,78,80,191,238],"a":[12,97,138,145,157],"critical":[13],"security":[14],"threat.":[15],"Measures":[16],"that":[17,71,85,154,323],"directly":[18],"address":[19],"the":[20,23,36,69,107,112,123,130,161,169,177,186,224,227,239,242,245,261,268,277,288,302,312,315,330,339,343],"owners":[21],"machine":[25],"end":[26],"users":[27],"useful,":[29],"but":[30,346],"have":[31,41,165,329],"proven":[32],"insufficient":[33],"to":[34,44,67,100,156,234,296,326],"reduce":[35],"overall":[37,303],"problem.":[38],"Recent":[39],"studies":[40],"shifted":[42],"attention":[43],"key":[45,187],"intermediaries":[46],"\u2013":[47,54],"most":[48,121],"notably,":[49],"Internet":[50],"Service":[51],"Providers":[52],"(ISPs)":[53],"control":[56,76],"points":[57],"for":[58,83,140,202,217],"botnet":[59],"activity.":[60],"Surprisingly":[61],"little":[62],"empirical":[63],"information":[64],"is":[65,96,126,308],"available":[66],"assess":[68],"claim":[70],"ISPs":[72,87,110,190,200,215,243,286],"an":[74],"important":[75],"point,":[77],"well":[79],"related":[81],"claims,":[82],"example,":[84,194],"large":[86],"worse":[89],"cybercitizens":[90],"than":[91],"smaller":[92],"ones.":[93],"This":[94,183],"paper":[95],"first":[98,225],"effort":[99],"go":[101],"beyond":[102],"generalized":[103],"arguments":[104],"by":[105,311],"dissecting":[106],"diversity":[108],"and":[111,174,181,244,254],"number":[113,269,290,304],"in":[117,160,167,195,229,247,287,342],"their":[118],"networks.":[119],"As":[120],"current":[124],"spam":[125,133,158,212,275],"sent":[127],"through":[128],"botnets,":[129],"origin":[131],"messages":[134],"provides":[135],"us":[136],"proxy":[139],"detecting":[141],"machines.":[143],"Using":[144,252],"global":[146],"dataset":[147,197],"138":[149],"million":[150],"unique":[151,208,271],"IP":[152,209,272],"addresses":[153,210,273],"connected":[155,233],"trap":[159],"period":[162],"2005-2008,":[163],"we":[164,258,318],"analyzed":[166],"detail":[168],"geographic":[170],"patterns,":[171],"time":[172],"trends,":[173],"differences":[175,284],"at":[176,276],"level":[178],"countries":[180],"ISPs.":[182],"data":[184,281],"underlines":[185],"position":[188],"intermediaries.":[192],"For":[193,223],"our":[196],"just":[198],"10":[199],"account":[201,216],"around":[203],"30":[204],"percent":[205],"all":[207,221],"sending":[211,274],"worldwide;":[213],"50":[214],"over":[218],"half":[219],"sources.":[222],"time,":[226],"patterns":[228],"other":[235],"data,":[236],"such":[237],"size":[240,313],"country":[246],"which":[248],"they":[249],"located.":[251],"bivariate":[253],"multivariate":[255],"statistical":[256],"approaches":[257],"investigate":[259],"empirically":[260],"effects":[262],"country-level":[264],"policy":[265],"measures":[266],"on":[267],"ISP":[278],"level.":[279],"The":[280],"reveals":[282],"wide":[283],"between":[285],"relative":[289],"machines,":[293],"sometimes":[294],"up":[295],"three":[297],"orders":[298],"magnitude.":[300],"Whereas":[301],"largely":[309],"driven":[310],"user":[316],"base,":[317],"also":[319],"find":[320],"limited":[321],"evidence":[322],"public":[324],"policies":[325],"improve":[327],"cybersecurity":[328],"desired":[331],"mitigating":[332],"effects.":[333],"Our":[334],"findings":[335],"confirm":[336],"some":[337],"claims":[340],"made":[341],"research":[344],"literature":[345],"refute":[347],"others.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
