{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1511264571","doi":null,"title":"The long wave of conditional convergence","display_name":"The long wave of conditional convergence","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1511264571","mag":"1511264571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:42792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061108780","display_name":"Jian Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-4853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-4853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-4853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061108780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-convergence","display_name":"conditional convergence","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-of-convergence","display_name":"speed of convergence","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-waves","display_name":"long waves","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-cycle","display_name":"growth cycle","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-per-capita","display_name":"GDP per capita","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-pass-filtering","display_name":"low-pass filtering","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-cycles","display_name":"business cycles","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-growth-model","display_name":"endogenous growth model","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-diffusion","display_name":"technology diffusion","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-stock","display_name":"knowledge stock","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-income-countries","display_name":"high-income countries","score":0.9200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129703110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425336","display_name":"Conditional convergence","level":3,"score":0.8265578746795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.7227156758308411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6937682032585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5830969214439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83873408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192311","display_name":"Business cycle","level":2,"score":0.5763163566589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5628146529197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.5480225682258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5310226678848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.5140853524208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181683161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301159","display_name":"Real gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.4711650311946869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190430219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576355","display_name":"Endogenous growth theory","level":3,"score":0.46629756689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.43870794773101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31960898637771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2918558418750763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20267841219902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14405322074890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.09559622406959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:42792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Monograph"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:stn:sotoec:0614","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:stn:sotoec:614","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.522.4054","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.522.4054","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.southampton.ac.uk/socsci/economics/research/papers/documents/2006/0614.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1511264571","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/1/0614.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:stn:sotoec:42792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42792/2/preview.png","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485676192","https://openalex.org/W1522139711","https://openalex.org/W1963883253","https://openalex.org/W1969230115","https://openalex.org/W1975603656","https://openalex.org/W1977394168","https://openalex.org/W2063713172","https://openalex.org/W2065155622","https://openalex.org/W2070631858","https://openalex.org/W2088563154","https://openalex.org/W2098589686","https://openalex.org/W2117513178","https://openalex.org/W2133207356","https://openalex.org/W2137094889","https://openalex.org/W2149622048","https://openalex.org/W2166974667","https://openalex.org/W2173858490","https://openalex.org/W2324604359","https://openalex.org/W2568908347","https://openalex.org/W2890582035","https://openalex.org/W2892154511","https://openalex.org/W3023499496","https://openalex.org/W3124640594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097421142","https://openalex.org/W2501601644","https://openalex.org/W2037625792","https://openalex.org/W2903701783","https://openalex.org/W1599208187","https://openalex.org/W2994591836","https://openalex.org/W2161023441","https://openalex.org/W808316944","https://openalex.org/W2142858054","https://openalex.org/W2036829583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,72],"calculate":[1],"the":[2,6,15,31,34,43,59,66,84,88,95,100],"time":[3,21,70],"series":[4,22],"of":[5,8,23,33,47,58,61,87,106],"speed":[7,46,105],"convergence":[9],"for":[10,94],"21":[11],"high-income":[12],"countries":[13],"over":[14],"period:":[16],"1953-1996,":[17],"using":[18],"low-pass":[19],"filtered":[20],"per-capita":[24],"GDP":[25,69],"which":[26,81],"are":[27],"thus":[28],"isolated":[29],"from":[30],"influence":[32],"short-run":[35],"business":[36],"cycle":[37],"components.":[38],"The":[39],"observed":[40,98],"patterns":[41],"contradict":[42],"conventional":[44],"\u2018time-invariant":[45],"convergence\u2019":[48],"hypothesis.":[49],"Furthermore,":[50],"dynamic":[51],"panel":[52],"data":[53],"analysis":[54],"provides":[55],"strong":[56],"evidence":[57],"existence":[60],"stationary":[62],"long":[63,96],"cycles":[64,97,109],"in":[65,99],"per":[67],"capita":[68],"series.":[71],"develop":[73],"and":[74],"estimate":[75],"a":[76],"technology-diffusion-based":[77],"endogenous":[78,85],"growth":[79,86,108],"model,":[80],"shows":[82],"that":[83],"domestic":[89],"knowledge":[90],"stock":[91],"can":[92],"account":[93],"data.":[101],"Keywords;":[102],"trend":[103],"reversion,":[104],"convergence,":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}