{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1509890777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470515372.ch9","title":"Language as a Psychological Adaptation","display_name":"Language as a Psychological Adaptation","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1509890777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470515372.ch9","mag":"1509890777","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9386911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470515372.ch9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470515372.ch9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470515372.ch9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9764341","display_name":"Novartis Foundation symposium","issn_l":"1528-2511","issn":["1528-2511","1935-4657"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Novartis Foundation Symposia","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2496796980","display_name":"Ciba Foundation Symposium 208 \u2010 Characterizing Human Psychological Adaptations"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000597416","display_name":"Steven A. Pinker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-4085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-4085"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Pinker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA","Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000597416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"208","issue":null,"first_page":"162","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-evolution","display_name":"language evolution","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sharing","display_name":"information sharing","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"grammar","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"vocabulary","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-encoding","display_name":"propositional encoding","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cognition","display_name":"social cognition","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-cognition","display_name":"human cognition","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.7121805548667908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6633597612380981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6587963700294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.6469635367393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6319257616996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.586788535118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5660330653190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.45128023624420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984703881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2313085","display_name":"Language evolution","level":2,"score":0.44311511516571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4337816536426544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.40978139638900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3377935588359833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28256475925445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10220709443092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000223","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470515372.ch9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470515372.ch9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470515372.ch9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9764341","display_name":"Novartis Foundation symposium","issn_l":"1528-2511","issn":["1528-2511","1935-4657"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Novartis Foundation Symposia","raw_type":"other"},{"id":"pmid:9386911","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9386911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ciba Foundation symposium","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995770472","https://openalex.org/W2112101928","https://openalex.org/W2317773571","https://openalex.org/W2327775071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536742351","https://openalex.org/W113353654","https://openalex.org/W1970326999","https://openalex.org/W1600174142","https://openalex.org/W2314707553","https://openalex.org/W2496469699","https://openalex.org/W1533610478","https://openalex.org/W1564017569","https://openalex.org/W4256606403","https://openalex.org/W7127959873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Language":[0,20,69],"is":[1,70,88],"the":[2,62,77,116],"remarkable":[3],"faculty":[4],"by":[5,13,22],"which":[6,107],"humans":[7],"convey":[8],"thoughts":[9],"to":[10,51,55,119],"one":[11],"another":[12],"means":[14],"of":[15,27,36,48,64,81,100,114],"a":[16,25,34],"highly":[17],"structured":[18],"signal.":[19],"works":[21,118],"two":[23],"principles:":[24],"dictionary":[26],"memorized":[28],"symbols,":[29],"that":[30,43,86],"is,":[31,44],"words,":[32],"and":[33,57,73,111,123],"set":[35],"generative":[37],"rules":[38],"organized":[39],"into":[40],"several":[41],"subsystems,":[42],"grammar.":[45],"The":[46],"machinery":[47],"language":[49,87],"appears":[50],"have":[52],"been":[53],"designed":[54],"encode":[56],"decode":[58],"propositional":[59],"information":[60],"for":[61,91],"purpose":[63],"sharing":[65,92],"it":[66],"with":[67,96],"others.":[68],"universally":[71],"complex":[72],"develops":[74],"reliably":[75],"throughout":[76],"species,":[78],"partly":[79],"independently":[80],"general":[82],"intelligence.":[83],"I":[84],"suggest":[85],"an":[89],"adaptation":[90],"information.":[93],"It":[94],"fits":[95],"many":[97],"other":[98],"features":[99],"our":[101],"zoologically":[102],"distinctive":[103],"'informavore'":[104],"niche,":[105],"in":[106],"people":[108],"acquire,":[109],"share":[110],"apply":[112],"knowledge":[113],"how":[115],"world":[117],"outsmart":[120],"plants,":[121],"animals":[122],"each":[124],"other.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}