{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1509800494","doi":null,"title":"Barriers and Incentives to the Adoption of ISO 14001 by Firms in the United States","display_name":"Barriers and Incentives to the Adoption of ISO 14001 by Firms in the United States","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1509800494","mag":"1509800494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.duke.edu:delpf-1152","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/delpf/vol11/iss1/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/delpf/vol11/iss1/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402048","display_name":"Duke Law Scholarship Repository (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/delpf/vol11/iss1/1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062761255","display_name":"Magali A. Delmas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8862-2482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8862-2482"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Magali A. Delmas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8862-2482","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062761255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6481,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93973314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13164","display_name":"Quality and Management Systems","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13164","display_name":"Quality and Management Systems","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.12729999423027039,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iso-14001","display_name":"ISO 14001","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-management-systems","display_name":"environmental management systems","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-environmental-initiatives","display_name":"voluntary environmental initiatives","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-adoption","display_name":"barriers to adoption","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adoption-incentives","display_name":"adoption incentives","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-surveys","display_name":"business surveys","score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-regulation","display_name":"environmental regulation","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/command-and-control-regulation","display_name":"command-and-control regulation","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-based-environmental-instruments","display_name":"market-based environmental instruments","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-reduction","display_name":"pollution reduction","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-firms","display_name":"US firms","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy-instruments","display_name":"environmental policy instruments","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tradable-permits","display_name":"tradable permits","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deposit-refund-system","display_name":"deposit-refund systems","score":0.9229999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.649742066860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506615639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21662260","display_name":"Command and control","level":2,"score":0.5969802737236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5467816591262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5336400270462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.440384179353714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.4272559881210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.41425561904907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4028662443161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3520814776420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2644420266151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19883647561073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18960577249526978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.14730247855186462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.duke.edu:delpf-1152","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/delpf/vol11/iss1/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/delpf/vol11/iss1/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402048","display_name":"Duke Law Scholarship Repository (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1509800494","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=delpf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508470","display_name":"Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.duke.edu:delpf-1152","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/delpf/vol11/iss1/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/delpf/vol11/iss1/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402048","display_name":"Duke Law Scholarship Repository (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1509800494.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1509800494.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7005220814","https://openalex.org/W1577036534","https://openalex.org/W2037266383","https://openalex.org/W3207042689","https://openalex.org/W2318696461","https://openalex.org/W2319545403","https://openalex.org/W4237362130","https://openalex.org/W3208517862","https://openalex.org/W2607017195","https://openalex.org/W2156401892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I.":[0],"INTRODUCTION":[1],"During":[2],"the":[3,10,17,44,66,77,93,102,137,172,224,241,253,263,317,328,359,386,389,397,438,448,484,524,545,549,554,562],"past":[4],"three":[5,28],"decades,":[6],"regulatory":[7,227],"agencies":[8],"in":[9,31,136,165,207,488,515],"United":[11],"States":[12],"and":[13,22,34,38,59,69,82,90,107,115,127,159,164,199,209,228,244,246,357,373,381,384,395,399,455,491,508,530,552],"other":[14],"countries":[15],"of":[16,79,104,174,213,226,248,276,288,304,311,327,342,345,362,388,452,457,506],"Organization":[18,256],"for":[19,231,243,257,403,430,512,527],"Economic":[20],"Cooperation":[21],"Development":[23],"(OECD)":[24],"went":[25],"through":[26],"a":[343],"stage":[29],"evolution":[30],"dealing":[32],"with":[33,43,65,504],"managing":[35],"environmental":[36,95,128,139,150,232,321,337,360,369,439],"pollution,":[37],"gradually":[39],"discovered":[40],"that":[41,182,314,348,474,483],"working":[42],"private":[45],"sector":[46,463],"to":[47,87,122,162,169,171,184,262,334,351,377,419,436,464,481,502,557],"manage":[48],"industrial":[49],"pollution":[50,111,175,185],"can":[51,332,479],"yield":[52],"more":[53,205],"beneficial":[54],"results":[55],"than":[56],"traditional":[57,67,194],"command":[58,68],"control":[60,70],"approaches).(1)":[61],"They":[62],"started":[63],"out":[64],"approach":[71],"which,":[72],"if":[73,393,412],"adequately":[74],"enforced,":[75],"has":[76,219,236,268,279],"virtues":[78],"high":[80],"dependability":[81],"predictability,":[83],"but":[84],"sometimes":[85],"proves":[86],"be":[88,500],"inflexible":[89],"inefficient.(2)":[91],"In":[92,291],"mid-1980s,":[94],"regulation":[96,140],"entered":[97,141],"its":[98,142,363,416,421,489],"second":[99],"generation":[100,144],"emphasizing":[101],"employment":[103],"market-based":[105],"strategies":[106],"tools":[108,329],"such":[109,177,251,266,443,528,566],"as":[110,178,252,533],"taxes,":[112],"tradable":[113],"permits,":[114],"deposit-refund":[116],"systems.(3)":[117],"These":[118,365],"instruments":[119,230],"were":[120],"believed":[121],"improve":[123,358],"both":[124],"economic":[125,229],"efficiency":[126],"effectiveness":[129,387],"by":[130,155,300,560],"relying":[131],"on":[132,148,272,285,308],"market":[133],"incentives.(4)":[134],"Finally,":[135],"1990s,":[138],"third":[143],"placing":[145],"great":[146],"emphasis":[147],"voluntary":[149,249],"initiatives.(5)":[151],"Voluntary":[152,187],"programs":[153,376,398],"function":[154,349,532],"providing":[156],"technical":[157],"information":[158],"public":[160],"recognition":[161],"participants,":[163],"return":[166],"ask":[167],"participants":[168],"commit":[170],"goal":[173],"reduction,":[176],"adopting":[179],"technological":[180],"changes":[181],"lead":[183],"reduction.(6)":[186],"initiatives":[188],"signal":[189],"movement":[191],"away":[192],"from":[193,442,462],"adversarial":[195],"relationships":[196],"between":[197],"industries":[198],"governments":[200],"towards":[201],"those":[202,379],"which":[203,330,516,565],"are":[204,467],"cooperative":[206],"nature":[208],"involve":[210],"varying":[211],"degrees":[212],"government":[214],"intervention.(7)":[215],"To":[216],"date":[217],"there":[218,235,280,466,540],"been":[220,237,270,281,542],"considerable":[221],"research":[222,239,267,283],"into":[223,240],"application":[225],"policy.(8)":[233],"Furthermore,":[234],"meaningful":[238],"motivations":[242],"advantages":[245],"disadvantages":[247],"initiatives,":[250],"ISO":[254,305,318],"(International":[255],"Standardization)":[258],"14000":[259],"series.(9)":[260],"However,":[261,406],"author's":[264],"knowledge,":[265],"not":[269],"based":[271,284,307],"independent":[273],"empirical":[274,286,309],"surveys":[275,287,310],"firms.":[277,290],"Nor":[278],"any":[282,475],"U.S.":[289,312],"this":[292,294,298],"respect,":[293],"paper":[295],"partly":[296],"fills":[297],"void":[299],"presenting":[301],"an":[302,407,472,534],"analysis":[303],"14001,":[306],"firms":[313,331,498,529],"have":[315,541],"adopted":[316],"14001.(10)":[319],"An":[320,339],"management":[322],"system":[323,418,568],"(EMS)":[324],"is":[325,486],"one":[326],"use":[333],"voluntarily":[335],"implement":[336],"policy.":[338],"EMS":[340,473],"consists":[341],"number":[344],"interrelated":[346],"elements":[347,366,564],"together":[350],"help":[352],"firm":[354,414,478],"manage,":[355],"measure,":[356],"aspects":[361],"operations.(11)":[364],"include":[367],"creating":[368],"policies,":[370],"setting":[371],"objectives":[372,380,456],"targets,":[374,382],"implementing":[375],"achieve":[378],"monitoring":[383],"measuring":[385],"programs,":[390],"correcting":[391],"problems,":[392],"any,":[394],"reviewing":[396],"their":[400],"overall":[401],"performance":[402],"improvement":[404],"thereof.(12)":[405],"obvious":[408],"problem":[409],"would":[410,459,499],"arise":[411],"each":[413,431],"designs":[415],"own":[417,422],"meet":[420],"particular":[423],"needs:":[424],"different":[425,444],"non-compatible":[426],"systems":[427],"will":[428],"emerge":[429],"firm,":[432],"making":[433],"it":[434],"difficult":[435],"compare":[437],"effects":[440],"resulting":[441],"systems.(13)":[445],"Even":[446],"though":[447],"contents,":[449],"aims,":[450],"outcomes":[451],"initial":[453],"reviews,":[454],"EMSs":[458,511,559],"probably":[460],"differ":[461],"sector,":[465],"nonetheless":[468],"common":[469,495],"stages":[470],"within":[471,548],"organization":[476],"or":[477],"utilize":[480],"ensure":[482],"environment":[485],"considered":[487],"policies":[490],"processes.(14)":[492],"Without":[493],"international":[496,555],"standard,":[497],"forced":[501],"deal":[503],"dozens":[505],"separate":[507],"potentially":[509,522],"incompatible":[510],"every":[513],"country":[514],"they":[517],"conduct":[518],"business.(15)":[519],"This":[520],"could":[521],"increase":[523],"transaction":[525],"cost":[526],"also":[531],"undesirable":[535],"trade":[536],"barrier.(16)":[537],"Since":[538],"1990":[539],"efforts":[543],"at":[544,553],"national":[546],"level,":[547],"European":[550],"Union,":[551],"level":[556],"standardize":[558],"defining":[561],"essential":[563],"should":[569],"contain.":[570],"\u2026":[571]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
