{"id":"https://openalex.org/W150843398","doi":null,"title":"Vancouver's needle exchange program.","display_name":"Vancouver's needle exchange program.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W150843398","mag":"150843398","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2311049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2311049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2311049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028169207","display_name":"Jillian Bardsley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Bardsley","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Health Unit, Vancouver, B.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Health Unit, Vancouver, B.C","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091815690","display_name":"Janet Turvey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Turvey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068147173","display_name":"John Blatherwick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Blatherwick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5959,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66608913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needle-exchange-programs","display_name":"needle exchange programs","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-who-inject-drugs","display_name":"people who inject drugs","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vancouver","display_name":"Vancouver","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outreach-services","display_name":"outreach services","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction-treatment-services","display_name":"addiction services","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-funding","display_name":"program funding","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-transmission","display_name":"HIV transmission","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781400479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11640","display_name":"Outreach","level":2,"score":0.8638334274291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.6481717228889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.5142828822135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.46128740906715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44364631175994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4429769814014435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4373904764652252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.39841192960739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3160918951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2025168240070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09617781639099121}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001955","descriptor_name":"British Columbia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009339","descriptor_name":"Needles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015819","descriptor_name":"Substance Abuse, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2311049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2311049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:150843398","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2311049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013251757","https://openalex.org/W2125594425","https://openalex.org/W2321142155","https://openalex.org/W1824444265","https://openalex.org/W2322127413","https://openalex.org/W2054580836","https://openalex.org/W2059348482","https://openalex.org/W2081959479","https://openalex.org/W2000550517","https://openalex.org/W2043033982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"stem":[1],"the":[2,35,64,100,109,121],"spread":[3],"of":[4,31,34,37,54,66,93,111],"HIV":[5],"among":[6],"intravenous":[7],"drug":[8],"users,":[9,68],"and":[10,13,17,24,69,77,116,124],"between":[11],"them":[12],"their":[14],"sexual":[15],"partners":[16],"offspring,":[18],"Vancouver":[19],"initiated":[20],"a":[21,52,84],"multifaceted":[22],"\"ways":[23],"means\"":[25],"needle":[26,45],"exchange":[27,46],"program":[28,88],"in":[29,56,63,91],"March":[30],"1989.":[32],"As":[33],"end":[36],"October,":[38],"over":[39],"2,600":[40],"users":[41],"have":[42,59,86,107],"registered.":[43],"The":[44,104],"rate":[47],"has":[48,132],"increased":[49],"steadily,":[50],"reaching":[51],"peak":[53],"98%":[55],"November.":[57],"Increases":[58],"also":[60],"been":[61,108,133],"noted":[62],"number":[65],"regular":[67],"requests":[70],"for":[71,130],"referral":[72],"to":[73,99],"addition,":[74],"medical,":[75],"social":[76],"HIV-related":[78],"services.":[79],"Outreach":[80],"services,":[81,114],"especially":[82],"using":[83],"van,":[85],"expanded":[87],"availability.":[89],"Success":[90],"terms":[92],"clientele":[94],"response":[95],"is":[96],"accredited":[97],"primarily":[98],"nonjudgemental,":[101],"nonintrusive":[102],"approach.":[103],"main":[105],"problems":[106],"lack":[110],"addiction":[112],"treatment":[113],"financial":[115],"personnel":[117],"constraints":[118],"created":[119],"by":[120],"large":[122],"enrollment,":[123],"difficulties":[125],"with":[126],"Federal/Provincial":[127],"funding.":[128],"Funding":[129],"evaluation":[131],"requested.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}