{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1507789784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/86061","title":"The spatial transformation of color in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey","display_name":"The spatial transformation of color in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1507789784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/86061","mag":"1507789784","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11276232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/86061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/86061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/86061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2298632","display_name":"Nature Neuroscience","issn_l":"1097-6256","issn":["1097-6256","1546-1726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1507789784"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elizabeth N. Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth N. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, USA. zab@cns.nyu.edu","Center for Neural Science, New York University, New\u00a0York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, USA. zab@cns.nyu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neural Science, New York University, New\u00a0York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022026581","display_name":"Michael J. Hawken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-2749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-2749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Hawken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, 10003, New York, USA","Center for Neural Science, New York University, New\u00a0York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, 10003, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neural Science, New York University, New\u00a0York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004812617","display_name":"Robert M. Shapley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-9849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-9849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Shapley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, 10003, New York, USA","Center for Neural Science, New York University, New\u00a0York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, 10003, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neural Science, New York University, New\u00a0York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.796,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":382,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98617687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"409","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-processing","display_name":"color processing","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-visual-cortex","display_name":"primary visual cortex","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance-modulation","display_name":"luminance modulation","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-frequency-tuning","display_name":"spatial frequency tuning","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-boundaries","display_name":"color boundaries","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-geniculate-nucleus","display_name":"lateral geniculate nucleus","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-neuron-responses","display_name":"single neuron responses","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macaque","display_name":"macaque","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone-contrast","display_name":"cone contrast","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.7484319806098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121535716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340600","display_name":"Achromatic lens","level":2,"score":0.7228414416313171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776362945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719179","display_name":"Lateral geniculate nucleus","level":3,"score":0.6343051195144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.621900200843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121731113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141373","display_name":"Parvocellular cell","level":3,"score":0.6174470782279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.6094980239868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61674017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374259","display_name":"Color vision","level":2,"score":0.6081309914588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196956537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202021","display_name":"Chromatic scale","level":2,"score":0.6036304235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19071747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755207","display_name":"Receptive field","level":2,"score":0.5400884747505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778950215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177601","display_name":"Macaque","level":2,"score":0.47197920083999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4660208225250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4597485363483429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38956400752067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3787081241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3695550262928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32552391290664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27506452798843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24176239967346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.07213172316551208}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008252","descriptor_name":"Macaca fascicularis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017949","descriptor_name":"Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/86061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/86061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/86061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2298632","display_name":"Nature Neuroscience","issn_l":"1097-6256","issn":["1097-6256","1546-1726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11276232","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11276232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1984903981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH12430-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2203164494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY8300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5174631372","display_name":"COLOR AND LUMINANCE INTERACTIONS IN MACAQUE V1","funder_award_id":"F31MH012430","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5838415673","display_name":"Cortical Representation of the Visual Image","funder_award_id":"R01EY008300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7825585891","display_name":"Spatial Summation and Dynamics of Visual Neurons","funder_award_id":"R01EY001472","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000918292","display_name":"Core Vision Grant","funder_award_id":"P30EY013079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483276925","https://openalex.org/W1530946731","https://openalex.org/W1564403559","https://openalex.org/W1574214496","https://openalex.org/W1867228621","https://openalex.org/W1948371141","https://openalex.org/W1951338962","https://openalex.org/W1976895069","https://openalex.org/W1978883487","https://openalex.org/W1985519873","https://openalex.org/W1988139867","https://openalex.org/W1993775112","https://openalex.org/W2006118026","https://openalex.org/W2018597535","https://openalex.org/W2023977968","https://openalex.org/W2025045656","https://openalex.org/W2029295515","https://openalex.org/W2042201713","https://openalex.org/W2042317511","https://openalex.org/W2043489107","https://openalex.org/W2046176884","https://openalex.org/W2047514234","https://openalex.org/W2061352345","https://openalex.org/W2065843537","https://openalex.org/W2072732240","https://openalex.org/W2073354785","https://openalex.org/W2085828228","https://openalex.org/W2092597580","https://openalex.org/W2094949713","https://openalex.org/W2103702981","https://openalex.org/W2109843478","https://openalex.org/W2112709532","https://openalex.org/W2117731089","https://openalex.org/W2123390288","https://openalex.org/W2137484834","https://openalex.org/W2138179494","https://openalex.org/W2140164635","https://openalex.org/W2142768220","https://openalex.org/W2166278041","https://openalex.org/W2344232522","https://openalex.org/W2796649821","https://openalex.org/W2796985193","https://openalex.org/W2905505698","https://openalex.org/W4211165038","https://openalex.org/W4300222729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114412472","https://openalex.org/W2321418172","https://openalex.org/W2127193835","https://openalex.org/W3102342187","https://openalex.org/W2065689554","https://openalex.org/W2954051194","https://openalex.org/W2007190970","https://openalex.org/W2167965698","https://openalex.org/W2913572380","https://openalex.org/W2134759111"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}