{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1507697207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5555/984720.984772","title":"An experiment for determining semantic relations between main and subordinate clauses in complex sentences","display_name":"An experiment for determining semantic relations between main and subordinate clauses in complex sentences","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1507697207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5555/984720.984772","mag":"1507697207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1507697207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5555/984720.984772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/984720.984772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1507697207"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054280282","display_name":"Sawa Takakura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sawa Takakura","raw_affiliation_strings":["[The University of Electro Communications,Tokyo,Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[The University of Electro Communications,Tokyo,Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102044321","display_name":"Dongli Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7766-9561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7766-9561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongli Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["[The University of Electro Communications,Tokyo,Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[The University of Electro Communications,Tokyo,Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018198673","display_name":"Teiji Furugori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teiji Furugori","raw_affiliation_strings":["[The University of Electro Communications,Tokyo,Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[The University of Electro Communications,Tokyo,Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-sentences","display_name":"complex sentences","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/main-and-subordinate-clauses","display_name":"main and subordinate clauses","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-relations","display_name":"semantic relations","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clause-linking","display_name":"clause linkage","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"machine translation","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-language","display_name":"Japanese language","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-features","display_name":"grammatical features","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-features","display_name":"semantic features","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-classification","display_name":"neural network classification","score":0.8830000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6997184753417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6987881064414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6798990964889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6214206218719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5807486772537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988080768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095057","display_name":"Semantic relation","level":3,"score":0.5772384405136108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67277372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449085","display_name":"Semantic role labeling","level":3,"score":0.5593053102493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4560627043247223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198942812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496618","display_name":"Semantic property","level":2,"score":0.44088321924209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.41237902641296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1430462896823883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06211566925048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.05426850914955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1507697207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5555/984720.984772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/984720.984772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167985707","https://openalex.org/W1562439184","https://openalex.org/W2328984774","https://openalex.org/W2330087365","https://openalex.org/W3022436500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2616448704","https://openalex.org/W7098698660","https://openalex.org/W3129020316","https://openalex.org/W7103651057","https://openalex.org/W2361796891","https://openalex.org/W3140053182","https://openalex.org/W2798905273","https://openalex.org/W7165133609","https://openalex.org/W610668525","https://openalex.org/W3120758068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complex":[0],"sentences":[1,94],"are":[2,100,109],"a":[3,31,37,71,83,118],"cause":[4],"for":[5,39,56,91],"difficulties":[6],"in":[7,30],"natural":[8],"language":[9],"processing.":[10],"A":[11],"machine":[12],"translation":[13],"system":[14],"often":[15],"produces":[16],"incorrect":[17],"translations":[18],"unless":[19],"it":[20,67],"grasps":[21],"the":[22,41,47,78,103,113],"semantic":[23,42,53,59,74,114],"relation":[24,43,75],"between":[25,46,64],"main":[26,96],"and":[27,52,97],"subordinate":[28,98],"clauses":[29,99],"complex":[32,93],"sentence.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"describes":[36],"way":[38],"determining":[40],"that":[44,107],"holds":[45],"clauses.":[48],"It":[49],"extracts":[50],"grammatical":[51],"features":[54,79],"crucial":[55],"finding":[57],"7":[58],"relations":[60,115],"assumed":[61],"to":[62,69,82,111],"hold":[63],"them.":[65],"Then,":[66],"tries":[68],"find":[70,112],"most":[72],"likely":[73],"by":[76,102],"taking":[77],"as":[80],"input":[81],"neural":[84],"network":[85],"learning":[86],"procedure.":[87],"An":[88],"experimental":[89],"result":[90],"100":[92],"whose":[95],"connected":[101],"particle":[104],"(te)":[105],"shows":[106],"we":[108],"successful":[110],"correctly":[116],"at":[117],"rate":[119],"of":[120],"73%.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}