{"id":"https://openalex.org/W15064424","doi":null,"title":"Free radicals and oxidative stress in exercise--immunological aspects.","display_name":"Free radicals and oxidative stress in exercise--immunological aspects.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W15064424","mag":"15064424","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10519061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10519061","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10519061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Exercise immunology review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069483581","display_name":"Andreas Michael Niess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-7069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-7069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A M Niess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abteilung Sportmedizin, Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abteilung Sportmedizin, Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109885751","display_name":"H.-H. Dickhuth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H H Dickhuth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108531625","display_name":"Hinnak Northoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Northoff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076971747","display_name":"Elvira Fehrenbach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Fehrenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4985,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":164,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92394942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"22","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11597","display_name":"Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-nitrogen-species","display_name":"reactive nitrogen species","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radicals","display_name":"free radicals","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-immunology","display_name":"exercise immunology","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leukocytes","display_name":"leukocytes","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-radicals","display_name":"superoxide","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-peroxide","display_name":"hydrogen peroxide","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-induced-muscle-damage","display_name":"exercise-induced muscle damage","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leukocyte-dna-damage","display_name":"leukocyte DNA damage","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidants","display_name":"antioxidants","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-induced-inflammation","display_name":"exercise-induced inflammation","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-adaptation","display_name":"training effects","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription-factors","display_name":"transcription factors","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.8346133232116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.7650963068008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779525624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225595","display_name":"Reactive nitrogen species","level":3,"score":0.7090224623680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413283","display_name":"Superoxide","level":3,"score":0.6076340675354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.6027274131774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519581460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843","display_name":"Nitric oxide","level":2,"score":0.5779062509536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5466899275779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139066938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056","display_name":"Radical","level":2,"score":0.44081056118011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.40905433893203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.39467042684555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.36386388540267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.302870512008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3027490973472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2763795554637909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19771495461463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.06422886252403259}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005082","descriptor_name":"Physical Exertion","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005609","descriptor_name":"Free Radicals","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007962","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007962","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009569","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018384","descriptor_name":"Oxidative Stress","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019001","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052247","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10519061","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10519061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Exercise immunology review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:15064424","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10519061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978174382","https://openalex.org/W7023451988","https://openalex.org/W2338855609","https://openalex.org/W186296382","https://openalex.org/W3215476274","https://openalex.org/W4407791619","https://openalex.org/W2076135478","https://openalex.org/W2111061453","https://openalex.org/W2111151689","https://openalex.org/W4283791968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reactive":[0],"oxygen":[1],"(ROS)":[2],"and":[3,14,24,42,48,59,75,88,115,139,142,167,181,211],"nitrogen":[4],"species":[5],"(RNS)":[6],"are":[7,158,175],"continuously":[8],"generated":[9],"in":[10,19,65,80,96,106,150,160,193],"the":[11,34,46,161,204],"biological":[12],"system":[13],"play":[15],"an":[16,214],"important":[17],"role":[18],"a":[20,223],"variety":[21],"of":[22,36,50,77,94,98,122,127,132,145,179,206,216,225],"physiological":[23],"pathological":[25],"processes.":[26],"There":[27],"is":[28,70,183,190],"evidence":[29],"that":[30,156,185],"physical":[31],"exercise":[32,87,138,166],"augments":[33],"generation":[35,47,79],"ROS/RNS.":[37],"The":[38],"present":[39],"review":[40],"discusses":[41],"compares":[43],"insights":[44],"into":[45],"function":[49],"ROS/RNS":[51,78,95,123,157],"such":[52,108],"as":[53,109],"superoxide,":[54],"hydrogen":[55],"peroxide,":[56],"hypochloric":[57],"acid,":[58],"nitric":[60],"oxide":[61],"released":[62],"by":[63,177,195],"leukocytes":[64,207],"response":[66,163],"to":[67,85,112,136,164,187,202,213,222],"exercise.":[68],"Emphasis":[69],"placed":[71],"on:":[72],"(a)":[73],"mechanisms":[74],"regulation":[76],"immunocompetent":[81],"cells":[82],"with":[83],"respect":[84],"acute":[86,137],"regular":[89,140,188,199],"training;":[90,141],"(b)":[91],"damaging":[92,170],"effects":[93,121,144],"terms":[97],"oxidative":[99,227],"stress":[100,134],"which":[101,124,219],"may":[102,220],"be":[103],"causally":[104],"involved":[105,159],"features":[107],"exercise-induced":[110,148,226],"damage":[111],"muscle":[113],"tissue":[114],"leukocyte":[116],"DNA;":[117],"(c)":[118],"(immuno-)":[119],"modulating":[120],"include":[125],"activation":[126],"transcription":[128],"factors;":[129],"(d)":[130],"responses":[131],"antioxidant":[133],"proteins":[135],"(e)":[143],"antioxidants":[146],"on":[147],"changes":[149],"immune":[151,173],"function.":[152],"Available":[153],"data":[154],"suggests":[155],"inflammatory":[162],"heavy":[165],"therefore":[168],"exert":[169],"effects.":[171],"Several":[172],"functions":[174],"influenced":[176],"actions":[178],"ROS/RNS,":[180],"it":[182],"hypothesized":[184],"adaption":[186],"training":[189,200],"also":[191],"modulated":[192],"part":[194],"free":[196],"radicals.":[197],"Furthermore,":[198],"seems":[201],"reduce":[203],"capacity":[205],"for":[208],"oxidant":[209],"release":[210],"leads":[212],"adaptation":[215],"antioxidative":[217],"mechanisms,":[218],"contribute":[221],"limitation":[224],"stress.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
