{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1505893008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190974","title":"On the Economics of Industrial Safety","display_name":"On the Economics of Industrial Safety","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1505893008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190974","mag":"1505893008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1190974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765008069","display_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","issn_l":"0023-9186","issn":["0023-9186","1945-2322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315552","host_organization_name":"Duke University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315552","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University School of Law","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045488398","display_name":"Walter Y. Oi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walter Y. Oi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045488398"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38988095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":"669","last_page":"669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.4661000072956085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.4661000072956085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.2671000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.1421000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-safety","display_name":"industrial safety","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-injuries","display_name":"occupational injuries","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-accidents","display_name":"occupational accidents","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-efficiency","display_name":"economic efficiency","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accident-prevention","display_name":"accident prevention","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-safety-legislation","display_name":"occupational safety legislation","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osha","display_name":"OSHA","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workers-compensation","display_name":"workers' compensation","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation-adequacy","display_name":"compensation adequacy","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778025104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408004","display_name":"Toll","level":2,"score":0.7684422731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6884219646453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909975913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629257","display_name":"Industrial Accident","level":2,"score":0.6497594118118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.6356198787689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.6006258130073547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424630","display_name":"Accident (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5540996193885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5147755146026611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4999256134033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.488130658864975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4295511245727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41850751638412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4133925139904022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3938446044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3807373642921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3751239776611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36320099234580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3329641819000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27686750888824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17761099338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.16400614380836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09516245126724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1190974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765008069","display_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","issn_l":"0023-9186","issn":["0023-9186","1945-2322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315552","host_organization_name":"Duke University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315552","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University School of Law","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:fth:prinin:48","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.irs.princeton.edu/pubs/pdfs/48.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.irs.princeton.edu/pubs/pdfs/48.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pri:indrel:48","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dataspace.princeton.edu/bitstream/88435/dsp019593tv14b/1/48.pdf","pdf_url":"https://dataspace.princeton.edu/bitstream/88435/dsp019593tv14b/1/48.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pri:indrel:dsp019593tv14b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp019593tv14b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.duke.edu:lcp-3429","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol38/iss4/6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402048","display_name":"Duke Law Scholarship Repository (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1505893008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://core.ac.uk/display/62555335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090832330","https://openalex.org/W4220917657","https://openalex.org/W4243842592","https://openalex.org/W2907251756","https://openalex.org/W2738505636","https://openalex.org/W1838838950","https://openalex.org/W2015376690","https://openalex.org/W1567961480","https://openalex.org/W1966615567","https://openalex.org/W2134588937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Articles":[0],"on":[1,73],"this":[2,56,180],"subject":[3],"often":[4],"begin":[5],"by":[6,30],"citing":[7],"the":[8,36,43,67,70,80,110,140,169,199,206],"National":[9,71],"Safety":[10,45],"Council":[11],"statistics":[12],"that":[13,55,79,139],"over":[14],"two":[15,105],"million":[16],"workers":[17],"are":[18,23,27],"injured":[19],"each":[20],"year,":[21],"14,000":[22],"killed,":[24],"and":[25,46,96,112,117,119,159,172,194],"190,000":[26],"permanently":[28],"disabled":[29],"industrial":[31,86,142],"accidents.'":[32],"The":[33,131,151],"passage":[34],"of":[35,69,85,114,128,208],"Williams-Steiger":[37],"Bill":[38],"in":[39,179],"19702":[40],"which":[41],"established":[42],"Occupational":[44],"Health":[47],"Administration":[48],"(OSHA)":[49],"clearly":[50],"reflects":[51],"our":[52],"legislators'":[53],"beliefs":[54],"accident":[57,143,149],"toll":[58,144],"is":[59,88,153],"intolerably":[60],"high.":[61],"Further,":[62],"one":[63],"can":[64],"infer":[65],"from":[66],"Report":[68],"Commission":[72],"State":[74],"Workmen's":[75],"Compensation":[76],"Laws":[77],"(NCSWCL)3":[78],"current":[81],"compensation":[82,125],"to":[83,103,108,121,126,166,176],"victims":[84,127],"accidents":[87],"grossly":[89],"inadequate.":[90],"Legislative":[91],"actions":[92],"at":[93],"both":[94],"federal":[95],"state":[97],"levels":[98],"have":[99],"mainly":[100],"been":[101],"intended":[102],"achieve":[104],"objectives:":[106],"(1)":[107],"reduce":[109],"frequency":[111],"severity":[113],"work-related":[115],"injuries":[116],"diseases,":[118],"(2)":[120],"provide":[122],"more":[123],"equitable":[124],"these":[129],"mishaps.":[130],"former":[132,170],"has":[133,164,201],"significance":[134],"for":[135],"economic":[136,209],"efficiency,":[137],"indicating":[138],"present":[141],"exceeds":[145],"some":[146],"socially":[147],"optimal":[148],"toll.":[150],"latter":[152],"concerned":[154],"with":[155,186],"what":[156],"constitutes":[157],"just":[158],"fair":[160],"compensation.4":[161],"An":[162],"economist":[163,200],"something":[165],"say":[167],"about":[168],"issue,":[171],"I":[173,184],"shall":[174],"try":[175],"do":[177],"so":[178],"paper":[181],"even":[182],"though":[183],"agree":[185],"Professor":[187],"Stigler":[188],"who":[189],"wrote,":[190],"[l]acking":[191],"real":[192],"expertise":[193],"lacking":[195],"also":[196],"evangelical":[197],"ardor,":[198],"had":[202],"little":[203],"influence":[204],"upon":[205],"evolution":[207],"policy.5":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
