{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1505585609","doi":null,"title":"Problem-Based Learning in police academies: Adult learning principles utilized by police trainers","display_name":"Problem-Based Learning in police academies: Adult learning principles utilized by police trainers","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1505585609","mag":"1505585609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-1153","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/134","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&context=doctoral","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026157294","display_name":"Eric P. Werth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-1598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-1598"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric Werth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-1598","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026157294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12345","display_name":"Adult and Continuing Education Topics","score":0.057999998331069946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-based-learning","display_name":"problem-based learning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-training","display_name":"police training","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-learning-principles","display_name":"adult learning principles","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-instructors","display_name":"police instructors","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-centered-instruction","display_name":"teacher-centered instruction","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-centered-learning","display_name":"student-centered learning","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-academy","display_name":"police academy","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-adoption","display_name":"curriculum adoption","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060990","display_name":"Problem-based learning","level":2,"score":0.5641200542449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780144881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312331","display_name":"Adult Learning","level":3,"score":0.5329663753509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5098392367362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44493715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319035","display_name":"Adult education","level":2,"score":0.5091733336448669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44759777188301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820370","display_name":"Learning styles","level":2,"score":0.4206393361091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4118542969226837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3599264323711395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.32948023080825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22147414088249207}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-1153","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/134","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1505585609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gradworks.umi.com/33/44/3344735.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-1153","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/134","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1505585609.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1505585609.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153388477","https://openalex.org/W314439635","https://openalex.org/W325563152","https://openalex.org/W568727683","https://openalex.org/W637769712","https://openalex.org/W1480302548","https://openalex.org/W1531145405","https://openalex.org/W1556867390","https://openalex.org/W1593115204","https://openalex.org/W1604726331","https://openalex.org/W1698634155","https://openalex.org/W1964910190","https://openalex.org/W1975137385","https://openalex.org/W1984927517","https://openalex.org/W1985481429","https://openalex.org/W1985545720","https://openalex.org/W1987566732","https://openalex.org/W1988880430","https://openalex.org/W1997851067","https://openalex.org/W2012923843","https://openalex.org/W2015823751","https://openalex.org/W2022737001","https://openalex.org/W2027704688","https://openalex.org/W2029287893","https://openalex.org/W2032094149","https://openalex.org/W2036532388","https://openalex.org/W2053842570","https://openalex.org/W2065203183","https://openalex.org/W2070697145","https://openalex.org/W2082575675","https://openalex.org/W2092193254","https://openalex.org/W2100550960","https://openalex.org/W2101338329","https://openalex.org/W2114029829","https://openalex.org/W2117649623","https://openalex.org/W2118271481","https://openalex.org/W2145936815","https://openalex.org/W2148396560","https://openalex.org/W2164697092","https://openalex.org/W2279834021","https://openalex.org/W2570239784","https://openalex.org/W2603855528","https://openalex.org/W2970605391","https://openalex.org/W3145772887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997851067","https://openalex.org/W7160063237","https://openalex.org/W2440896235","https://openalex.org/W7029106086","https://openalex.org/W1970314097","https://openalex.org/W2142782942","https://openalex.org/W2038730230","https://openalex.org/W2222980763","https://openalex.org/W2800628998","https://openalex.org/W2001083085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,122],"explored":[2],"the":[3,35,78,96,105,126,143],"use":[4,23,70,97],"of":[5,24,34,37,71,86,98,120,138,145],"adult":[6,25,72,99],"learning":[7,26,73,100],"principles":[8,27,74,101],"by":[9,75,102],"instructors":[10,46,76,103,111,131],"at":[11,47,77,104,112],"two":[12,106],"state-run":[13],"multi-jurisdictional":[14],"police":[15,130],"training":[16,127],"academies":[17,108],"using":[18,30,116],"Problem-Based":[19],"Learning":[20,39],"(PBL).":[21],"Instructor":[22],"was":[28],"assessed":[29],"an":[31,51,113],"electronic":[32],"version":[33],"Principles":[36],"Adult":[38],"Scale":[40],"(PALS).":[41],"PALS":[42],"scores":[43],"indicate":[44],"that":[45,59,89],"both":[48,132],"institutions":[49],"favor":[50],"instructor-centered":[52],"as":[53,140,142],"opposed":[54],"to":[55,67,110,129,134,148,150],"student-centered":[56],"teaching":[57],"style,":[58],"time":[60],"since":[61],"PBL":[62,81,107,139],"implementation":[63],"did":[64],"not":[65,115],"lead":[66],"a":[68,83],"greater":[69,84],"academy":[79,114],"utilizing":[80],"for":[82],"length":[85],"time,":[87],"and":[88,135],"there":[90],"is":[91],"little":[92],"significant":[93],"difference":[94],"in":[95],"compared":[109],"PBL.":[117],"The":[118],"results":[119],"this":[121],"will":[123],"potentially":[124],"impact":[125],"provided":[128],"prior":[133],"following":[136],"adoption":[137],"well":[141],"decision":[144],"some":[146],"agencies":[147],"convert":[149],"PBL-based":[151],"curricula.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}