{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1504530583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24102/ijes.v1i3.96","title":"Environmental Impacts of Seawater Desalination: Arabian Gulf Case Study","display_name":"Environmental Impacts of Seawater Desalination: Arabian Gulf Case Study","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1504530583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24102/ijes.v1i3.96","mag":"1504530583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24102/ijes.v1i3.96","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24102/ijes.v1i3.96","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24102/ijes.v1i3.96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235198","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Sustainability","issn_l":"1927-9566","issn":["1927-9566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1504530583"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000011802","display_name":"Mohamed Abdel Hamyd Dawoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-1060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-1060"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Dawoud","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000011802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98930177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.41769999265670776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.41769999265670776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.07959999889135361,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12227","display_name":"Environmental and Social Impact Assessments","score":0.06870000064373016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seawater-desalination","display_name":"seawater desalination","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact","display_name":"environmental impact","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persian-gulf","display_name":"Persian Gulf","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gulf-cooperation-council","display_name":"Gulf Cooperation Council","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brine-discharge","display_name":"brine discharge","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-discharge","display_name":"chemical discharge","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollutant-emissions","display_name":"air pollutant emissions","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-demand","display_name":"energy demand","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact-assessment","display_name":"environmental impact assessment","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-supply","display_name":"water supply","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-scarcity","display_name":"water scarcity","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-mitigation","display_name":"impact mitigation","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197248824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184395","display_name":"Seawater","level":2,"score":0.7357757091522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776870568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190873","display_name":"Desalination","level":3,"score":0.6597614884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.583772599697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5605409145355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994199513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37643","display_name":"Gulf war","level":2,"score":0.4453848898410797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19890877604484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.11439943313598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.11181661486625671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.060603559017181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24102/ijes.v1i3.96","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24102/ijes.v1i3.96","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24102/ijes.v1i3.96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235198","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Sustainability","issn_l":"1927-9566","issn":["1927-9566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974686430","https://openalex.org/W1998329625","https://openalex.org/W2002409949","https://openalex.org/W2011891234","https://openalex.org/W2028381250","https://openalex.org/W2041688029","https://openalex.org/W2058553436","https://openalex.org/W2060470013","https://openalex.org/W2067039049","https://openalex.org/W2081648565","https://openalex.org/W2504246832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060470013","https://openalex.org/W4224315603","https://openalex.org/W2071019629","https://openalex.org/W3143268825","https://openalex.org/W2000092742","https://openalex.org/W2057999592","https://openalex.org/W4404777578","https://openalex.org/W2313618176","https://openalex.org/W2395604088","https://openalex.org/W6941436032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Desalination":[0,154],"of":[1,9,18,32,52,94,115,143,191,227,234,242,248,260,275,286,309,314,318,322,328,331,334],"seawater":[2,302],"accounts":[3],"for":[4,64,103,177],"a":[5,133,140,146,174,239,261,307],"worldwide":[6],"water":[7,65,90,104,119,144,150,168,183,193,277],"production":[8],"5000":[10],"million":[11],"m":[12],"3":[13],"/year.":[14],"A":[15],"\u201chot":[16],"spot\u201d":[17],"intense":[19],"desalination":[20,116,128,251,303,323],"activity":[21,33],"has":[22,109,130,201],"always":[23],"been":[24],"the":[25,41,45,49,67,106,113,123,159,189,196,199,211,216,222,225,231,235,246,271,284,310,320,325,332,335],"Arabian":[26],"Gulf,":[27],"but":[28],"other":[29,192],"regional":[30,287],"centers":[31],"emerge":[34],"and":[35,44,55,62,81,92,180,218,230,256,263,273,327],"become":[36],"more":[37],"prominent,":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40,139],"Mediterranean":[42],"Sea":[43],"Red":[46],"Sea,":[47],"or":[48,165],"coastal":[50],"waters":[51],"California,":[53],"China":[54],"Australia.":[56],"The":[57],"growth":[58,80],"gap":[59],"between":[60],"supply":[61,169,184,278],"demand":[63,102,233],"in":[66,97,105,117,122,156,186],"GCC":[68,157],"countries":[69,158],"can":[70,137],"be":[71,254,281],"attributed":[72],"to":[73,112,132,149,163,188,202,221,296,337],"limited":[74],"available":[75],"surface":[76],"water,":[77],"high":[78],"population":[79],"urbanization":[82],"development,":[83],"deficient":[84],"institutional":[85],"arrangements,":[86],"poor":[87],"management":[88,288],"practices,":[89],"depletion":[91],"deterioration":[93],"quality,":[95],"especially":[96],"shallow":[98],"groundwater":[99],"aquifers.":[100],"Increasing":[101],"domestic":[107,182],"sector":[108],"shifted":[110],"attention":[111],"role":[114],"alleviating":[118],"shortages.":[120],"Experience":[121],"Gulf":[124],"States":[125],"demonstrates":[126],"that":[127],"technology":[129,200],"developed":[131],"level":[134],"where":[135],"it":[136],"serve":[138],"reliable":[141],"source":[142],"at":[145],"price":[147],"comparable":[148],"from":[151],"conventional":[152],"sources.":[153],"remains":[155],"most":[160],"feasible":[161],"alternative":[162],"augment":[164],"meet":[166],"future":[167,181],"requirements.":[170],"It":[171],"is":[172],"considered":[173],"strategic":[175],"option":[176],"satisfying":[178],"current":[179],"requirements,":[185],"comparison":[187],"development":[190],"resources.":[194],"Despite":[195],"many":[197],"benefits":[198,272],"offer,":[203],"concerns":[204,313],"rise":[205],"over":[206],"potential":[207],"negative":[208],"impacts":[209,247,274,321],"on":[210,283,300,324],"environment.":[212],"Key":[213],"issues":[214],"are":[215],"concentrate":[217],"chemical":[219],"discharges":[220],"marine":[223],"environment,":[224,326],"emissions":[226],"air":[228],"pollutants":[229],"energy":[232],"processes.":[236],"To":[237],"safeguard":[238],"sustainable":[240],"use":[241],"desali":[243],"nation":[244],"technology,":[245],"each":[249],"major":[250],"project":[252],"should":[253,280],"investigated":[255],"mitigated":[257],"by":[258,305],"means":[259],"project-":[262],"location-specific":[264],"environmental":[265,312],"impact":[266],"assessment":[267],"(EIA)":[268],"study,":[269],"while":[270],"different":[276],"options":[279],"balanced":[282],"scale":[285],"plans.":[289],"In":[290],"this":[291],"context,":[292],"our":[293],"paper":[294],"intends":[295],"present":[297,301],"an":[298],"overview":[299],"capacities":[304],"region,":[306],"synopsis":[308],"key":[311],"desalination,":[315],"including":[316],"ways":[317],"mitigating":[319],"avoiding":[329],"some":[330],"dangers":[333],"environment":[336],"desalination.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
