{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1503375451","doi":null,"title":"The Causality Analysis of External Debt Service and GNP : The Case of Turkey","display_name":"The Causality Analysis of External Debt Service and GNP : The Case of Turkey","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1503375451","mag":"1503375451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:9244b24d-73df-4832-bdf4-1b435fa26b77","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.aybu.edu.tr/publication/details/9244b24d-73df-4832-bdf4-1b435fa26b77/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055213","display_name":"AYBU AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057155417","display_name":"Erdal Tanas Karag\u00f6l","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-4064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-4064"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erdal Tanas Karag\u00f6l","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-4064","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057155417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":143,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94546029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.6157000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.6157000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.2199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.08009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-debt-service","display_name":"external debt service","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnp","display_name":"GNP","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-service-burden","display_name":"debt service burden","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-exchange-reserves","display_name":"foreign exchange reserves","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creditworthiness","display_name":"creditworthiness","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-accumulation","display_name":"capital accumulation","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"investment","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"causality","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkey","display_name":"Turkey","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-error-correction-model","display_name":"vector error correction model","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cointegration","display_name":"cointegration","score":0.8450000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171562969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713926","display_name":"Debt service coverage ratio","level":4,"score":0.8274567127227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.807435154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7314598560333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.6493608355522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44171179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461319","display_name":"External debt","level":3,"score":0.6131983399391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.6059285998344421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134024062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401229","display_name":"Error correction model","level":3,"score":0.5525574088096619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.508463978767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5012507438659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.44089779257774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43905505537986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4289824366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.41935092210769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.37358856201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.1504141390323639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:9244b24d-73df-4832-bdf4-1b435fa26b77","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.aybu.edu.tr/publication/details/9244b24d-73df-4832-bdf4-1b435fa26b77/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055213","display_name":"AYBU AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:1503375451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:tcb:cebare:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:39-64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184829","display_name":"Central Bank Review","issn_l":"1303-0701","issn":["1303-0701","1305-8800","2524-1699"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Central bank review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5263000130653381}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110385252","https://openalex.org/W563368628","https://openalex.org/W568988198","https://openalex.org/W1542052669","https://openalex.org/W1566672184","https://openalex.org/W1944105890","https://openalex.org/W1977646905","https://openalex.org/W2028651974","https://openalex.org/W2051682449","https://openalex.org/W2060177714","https://openalex.org/W2069755200","https://openalex.org/W2081736870","https://openalex.org/W2082802816","https://openalex.org/W2083676028","https://openalex.org/W2089617943","https://openalex.org/W2093546496","https://openalex.org/W2097344205","https://openalex.org/W2102840998","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2128521675","https://openalex.org/W2153562738","https://openalex.org/W2483134881","https://openalex.org/W3121963425","https://openalex.org/W3124954215","https://openalex.org/W3125578977","https://openalex.org/W3125653530","https://openalex.org/W3141341243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095456783","https://openalex.org/W3124658424","https://openalex.org/W2135458366","https://openalex.org/W2785722595","https://openalex.org/W2904018488","https://openalex.org/W2188122152","https://openalex.org/W2407401683","https://openalex.org/W4399359924","https://openalex.org/W4391717696","https://openalex.org/W7215554462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,19,115,131],"argued":[2],"that":[3,20,129],"debt":[4,31,76,113,137],"service":[5,32,77,114,138],"burden":[6],"has":[7],"a":[8,37,44,63,117,132],"negative":[9,118],"impact":[10,121],"on":[11,78,84,122],"investment":[12],"and":[13,33,56,88,109,139],"capital":[14,41],"accumulation.":[15],"The":[16,125],"main":[17],"reason":[18],"the":[21,51,71,82,100],"greater":[22],"percentage":[23],"of":[24,43,53,74],"reserves":[25],"(foreign":[26],"currency)":[27],"goes":[28],"to":[29,61,107],"meet":[30],"there":[34,130],"will":[35],"be":[36],"reduction":[38],"in":[39,46,92,98],"external":[40,75,112],"because":[42],"decrease":[45],"creditworthiness.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"extends":[50],"model":[52,67],"Cunningham":[54],"(1992)":[55],"uses":[57],"multivariate":[58],"cointegration":[59,85],"techniques":[60],"develop":[62],"vector":[64],"error":[65],"correction":[66],"useful":[68],"for":[69],"investigating":[70],"long-run":[72],"effects":[73],"GNP":[79,140],"level.":[80,141],"Moreover,":[81],"information":[83],"(Johansen":[86],",1988":[87],"Johansen":[89],"&Juselius":[90],",1990)":[91],"variables":[93],"are":[94],"taken":[95],"into":[96],"consideration":[97],"specifying":[99],"correct":[101],"model.":[102],"We":[103],"apply":[104],"our":[105],"methodology":[106],"Turkey":[108],"show":[110,128],"how":[111],"having":[116],"short":[119],"-run":[120],"economic":[123],"growth.":[124],"results":[126],"also":[127],"uni-directional":[133],"causal":[134],"relationship":[135],"between":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}