{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1502953191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172","title":"Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction","display_name":"Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1502953191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172","mag":"1502953191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015050577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:443/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015050577&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109850968","display_name":"Vivian J. Cook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivian Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003073788","display_name":"Mark Newson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-6448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-6448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm Newson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":168.8632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":479,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99978072,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13156","display_name":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-grammar","display_name":"universal grammar","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noam-chomsky","display_name":"Noam Chomsky","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principles-and-parameters","display_name":"Principles and Parameters","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"language acquisition","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innateness-hypothesis","display_name":"innateness hypothesis","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-of-the-stimulus","display_name":"poverty of the stimulus","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingualism","display_name":"bilingualism","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimalist-program","display_name":"Minimalist Program","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-binding-theory","display_name":"Government and Binding Theory","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-bar-theory","display_name":"X-bar theory","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theta-theory","display_name":"theta theory","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"control theory","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null-subjects","display_name":"null subjects","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativized-minimality","display_name":"Relativized Minimality","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binding-theory","display_name":"binding theory","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-theory","display_name":"case theory","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markedness","display_name":"markedness","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-learning-models","display_name":"language learning models","score":0.33500000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777762164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728252","display_name":"Universal grammar","level":3,"score":0.8047047853469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6910644769668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6201288104057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5181633234024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79078291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980142","display_name":"Linguistic universal","level":3,"score":0.4778458774089813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153578388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351625","display_name":"Theoretical linguistics","level":2,"score":0.47216126322746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69298649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6045214","display_name":"Emergent grammar","level":3,"score":0.4605717957019806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170350167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455178","display_name":"Second-language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.422040730714798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41737908124923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3387097716331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18781808018684387}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015050577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:443/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015050577&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34565172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34565172.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book"},{"id":"mag:1502953191","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA26527916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306476680","display_name":"Newcastle University eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Newcastle University eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34565172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34565172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2805583769","https://openalex.org/W3195881270","https://openalex.org/W1952639315","https://openalex.org/W2144669509","https://openalex.org/W789396931","https://openalex.org/W2801651277","https://openalex.org/W7049141268","https://openalex.org/W584813348","https://openalex.org/W638889009","https://openalex.org/W7095523605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preface":[0],"to":[1,117,145,249],"the":[2,65,72,118,138,175,202,227,243,250,261,278],"Third":[3],"Edition.":[4],"1.":[5],"The":[6,12,25,41,69,149,161,165,199,209,213,233,287,292],"Nature":[7,293],"of":[8,15,35,71,112,120,167,201,226,236,294,303],"Universal":[9,16,44,153,168,196,206],"Grammar.":[10,154,197],"1.1.":[11],"Early":[13],"Development":[14],"Grammar":[17,45,169],"Theory.":[18,46,89,101,108,130,133],"1.2.":[19],"Relating":[20],"'Sounds'":[21],"and":[22,52,57,78,85,93,125,137,188,195,216,222,267,284,298],"'Meanings'.":[23],"1.3.":[24],"Computational":[26],"System.":[27],"1.4.":[28],"Questions":[29],"for":[30,43,152,289],"Linguistics.":[31],"1.5.":[32],"General":[33],"Ideas":[34],"Language.":[36],"1.6.":[37],"Linguistic":[38],"Universals.":[39],"1.7.":[40],"Evidence":[42],"1.8.":[47],"Conclusion.":[48,308],"2.":[49],"Principles,":[50],"Parameters":[51],"Language":[53,60,146,157,189,193,218,230,238],"Acquisition.":[54,61,147,219,239],"2.1.":[55],"Principles":[56,77],"Parameters.":[58,79],"2.2.":[59],"3.":[62],"Structure":[63,241,259],"in":[64,83,99,106,170,183,242,260,277],"Government/Binding":[66,73,107,248],"model.":[67],"3.1.":[68],"Heart":[70],"Model.":[74,159],"3.2.":[75],"Modules,":[76],"3.3.":[80],"X-bar":[81,100],"Theory":[82,92,119],"Government":[84],"Binding.":[86],"3.4.":[87],"Theta":[88],"3.5.":[90],"Control":[91],"Null":[94],"Subjects.":[95],"3.6.":[96],"Further":[97,115],"Developments":[98,116],"3.7.":[102],"Summary.":[103],"4.":[104],"Movement":[105,276],"4.1.":[109],"An":[110],"Overview":[111],"Movement.":[113,121,290,295,300,304],"4.2.":[114],"4.3.":[122],"Bounding,":[123],"Barriers":[124],"Relativized":[126],"Minimality.":[127],"4.4.":[128],"Case":[129],"4.5.":[131],"Binding":[132],"4.6.":[134],"Beyond":[135],"S-structure":[136],"Empty":[139],"Category":[140],"Principle.":[141],"5.":[142],"Chomskyan":[143],"Approaches":[144],"5.1.":[148],"Physical":[150],"Basis":[151],"5.2.":[155],"A":[156],"Learning":[158],"5.3.":[160],"Innateness":[162],"Hypothesis.":[163],"5.4.":[164],"Role":[166],"Learning.":[171],"5.5.":[172],"Complete":[173],"from":[174],"Beginning":[176],"or":[177],"Developing":[178],"with":[179],"Time?.":[180],"5.6.":[181],"Issues":[182],"Parameter":[184],"Setting.":[185],"5.7.":[186],"Markedness":[187],"Development.":[190],"6.":[191],"Second":[192,217,229,237],"Acquisition":[194],"6.1.":[198],"Purity":[200],"Monolingual":[203],"Argument.":[204],"6.2.":[205],"Bilingualism.":[207],"6.3.":[208],"Multi-competence":[210],"View.":[211],"6.4.":[212],"Poverty-of-the-stimulus":[214],"Argument":[215],"6.5.":[220],"Models":[221],"Metaphors.":[223],"6.6.":[224],"Hypotheses":[225],"Initial":[228],"State.":[231],"6.7.":[232],"Final":[234],"State":[235],"7.":[240],"Minimalist":[244,251,255,262,279],"Program.":[245,252,263,280],"7.1.":[246],"From":[247],"7.2.":[253],"Basic":[254],"Concepts.":[256],"7.3.":[257],"Phrase":[258],"7.4.":[264],"Thematic":[265],"Roles":[266],"Structural":[268],"Positions.":[269],"7.5.":[270],"Adjunction.":[271],"7.6.":[272],"Linear":[273],"Order.":[274],"8.":[275],"8.1.":[281],"Functional":[282],"Heads":[283],"Projections.":[285],"8.2.":[286],"Motivation":[288],"8.3.":[291],"8.4.":[296],"Overt":[297],"Covert":[299],"8.5.":[301],"Properties":[302],"8.6.":[305],"Phases.":[306],"8.7.":[307],"References.":[309],"Index":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
