{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1502371630","doi":null,"title":"Affordability of medicines for patients with diabetes attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH),Enugu","display_name":"Affordability of medicines for patients with diabetes attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH),Enugu","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1502371630","mag":"1502371630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.uwc.ac.za:11394/2432","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2432","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401169","display_name":"University of the Western Cape Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository (University of the Western Cape)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","host_organization_name":"University of the Western Cape","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2432","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061105486","display_name":"Ogori Taylor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ogori Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061105486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.7554000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.7554000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.22280000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-affordability","display_name":"drug affordability","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-pocket-costs","display_name":"out-of-pocket costs","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-medicines-list","display_name":"essential medicines list","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescription-drug-costs","display_name":"prescription drug costs","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-substitution","display_name":"drug substitution","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-financial-burden","display_name":"patient financial burden","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-nigeria-teaching-hospital","display_name":"University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin","display_name":"insulin","score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-financing-reform","display_name":"health financing reform","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-reference-prices","display_name":"international reference prices","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-complications","display_name":"diabetes complications","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-pocket-health-expenditure","display_name":"out-of-pocket health expenditure","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018552615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813474","display_name":"Teaching hospital","level":2,"score":0.7774540185928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6000597476959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5346201062202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.5187156796455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.38607877492904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3208427429199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.uwc.ac.za:11394/2432","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2432","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401169","display_name":"University of the Western Cape Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository (University of the Western Cape)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","host_organization_name":"University of the Western Cape","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwcscholar.uwc.ac.za:10566/23433","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10566/23433","pdf_url":"https://uwcscholar.uwc.ac.za/bitstreams/1f9120df-f941-4396-bae7-2f3dc9f4d34e/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400180","display_name":"UWC Research Repository (University of the Western Cape)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","host_organization_name":"University of the Western Cape","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:1502371630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/handle/11394/2432","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.uwc.ac.za:11394/2432","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2432","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401169","display_name":"University of the Western Cape Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository (University of the Western Cape)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","host_organization_name":"University of the Western Cape","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1502371630.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1502371630.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72262094","https://openalex.org/W202007523","https://openalex.org/W1519265258","https://openalex.org/W1531793756","https://openalex.org/W1976787772","https://openalex.org/W1980278232","https://openalex.org/W1982358339","https://openalex.org/W1983424928","https://openalex.org/W1999199534","https://openalex.org/W2020267609","https://openalex.org/W2036939737","https://openalex.org/W2039998796","https://openalex.org/W2040356064","https://openalex.org/W2050381664","https://openalex.org/W2050699868","https://openalex.org/W2057718440","https://openalex.org/W2063677345","https://openalex.org/W2064089576","https://openalex.org/W2066598866","https://openalex.org/W2073987380","https://openalex.org/W2086015900","https://openalex.org/W2089251804","https://openalex.org/W2101993369","https://openalex.org/W2103191158","https://openalex.org/W2107834306","https://openalex.org/W2110286857","https://openalex.org/W2119494167","https://openalex.org/W2143044822","https://openalex.org/W2152163336","https://openalex.org/W2161088956","https://openalex.org/W2162141144","https://openalex.org/W2164733897","https://openalex.org/W2326373154","https://openalex.org/W2337454357","https://openalex.org/W2769264260","https://openalex.org/W2915870137","https://openalex.org/W4231635406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118941520","https://openalex.org/W4200217628","https://openalex.org/W2889089805","https://openalex.org/W4394063808","https://openalex.org/W2989682027","https://openalex.org/W3194182009","https://openalex.org/W3190642363","https://openalex.org/W4296330582","https://openalex.org/W2582711040","https://openalex.org/W2995887830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Affordability":[0,368],"of":[1,9,23,77,85,94,97,111,113,138,168,237,300,351,369,377],"medicines":[2,86,114,125,141,173,271,290,358,370],"for":[3,40,87,115,124,136,292,335,344,357,371,393],"patients":[4,89,117,128,160,265,294,301,333,372],"with":[5,31,170,204,329,348,373],"diabetes":[6,18,41,62,131,274,293,374],"attending":[7,90,129,375],"University":[8,96,376],"NigeriaTeaching":[10],"Hospital":[11,100,380],"(UNTH),":[12,101,381],"Enugu":[13,382],"Background:":[14],"In":[15],"developing":[16],"countries,":[17],"is":[19,42,47,338,383],"the":[20,52,83,91,95,130,162,171,184,193,231,243,256,262,269,298,304,310,349,363,405],"leading":[21],"cause":[22],"blindness,":[24],"renal":[25],"failure":[26],"and":[27,44,49,75,121,161,177,249,275,359,402,415],"lower":[28],"limb":[29],"amputation":[30],"most":[32],"deaths":[33],"due":[34],"to":[35,51,60,72,147,155,179,199,220,226,240,252,267,272,280,297,320,340],"cardiovascular":[36,276],"disease":[37,277,346],"complications.The":[38],"prognosis":[39],"poor":[43,67],"life":[45],"expectancy":[46],"short":[48],"akin":[50],"era":[53],"in":[54,166,331,362,398],"which":[55],"insulin":[56],"was":[57,105,153,164,186,245,258],"not":[58,390],"available":[59],"manage":[61,273],"(Beran":[63],"et":[64],"al.,":[65],"2005).These":[66],"outcomes":[68],"have":[69,313,408,412],"been":[70,391,413],"attributed":[71],"chronic":[73,345],"shortage":[74],"non-affordability":[76],"diabetic":[78,88,92,116,306],"medicines.Aim:":[79],"This":[80],"study":[81,104,110],"determined":[82],"affordability":[84,112],"clinic":[93,132],"Nigeria":[98,378],"Teaching":[99,379],"Enugu.":[102],"Methods:The":[103],"a":[106,314],"cross-sectional,":[107],"time-delimited,":[108],"descriptive":[109],"aged":[118],">18":[119],"years":[120],"who":[122,133,302],"pay":[123,334],"out-of-pocket.All":[126],"eligible":[127],"are":[134,295],"responsible":[135],"payment":[137,323],"their":[139,202,223,336],"prescribed":[140,291],"were":[142,197,233,278],"recruited":[143],"between":[144],"September":[145],"19":[146],"October":[148],"31,":[149],"2007.A":[150],"structured":[151],"questionnaire":[152],"used":[154,409],"collect":[156],"sociodemographic":[157],"information":[158],"about":[159],"prescription":[163,244],"assessed":[165],"terms":[167],"conformity":[169],"essential":[172],"list":[174],"(EML),":[175],"cost":[176],"ability":[178,319],"be":[180,326],"completely":[181,200,221,241],"filled":[182],"by":[183,417],"patient.Data":[185],"analysed":[187],"using":[188],"EPI":[189],"Info":[190],"software.Results:":[191],"Of":[192],"189":[194],"respondents,":[195],"37%":[196],"able":[198,219],"fill":[201,222,242],"prescriptions":[203,224],"funds":[205,210],"from":[206,214,230,261,309],"income":[207],"(40%),":[208],"borrowed":[209],"(15%)":[211],"or":[212,353,396,410],"gifts":[213],"friends/relatives":[215],"(43%).The":[216],"total":[217],"number":[218,236],"increased":[225],"47%":[227],"when":[228,255],"substitutes":[229],"EML":[232,311],"made.The":[234],"mean":[235],"days'":[238],"wages":[239],"6.5":[246],"iv":[247],"days":[248,254],"this":[250],"reduced":[251],"4.8":[253],"choice":[257,308],"made":[259],"wholly":[260],"EML.The":[263],"prices":[264,332],"paid":[266],"purchase":[268],"key":[270],"2":[279],"26":[281],"times":[282],"international":[283],"reference":[284],"prices.":[285],"Conclusions:The":[286],"results":[287],"show":[288],"that":[289,367,387,403],"unaffordable":[296],"majority":[299],"attend":[303],"UNTH":[305],"clinic.While":[307],"would":[312,324],"positive":[315],"impact":[316],"on":[317],"affordability,":[318],"afford":[321],"out-of-pocket":[322,355],"also":[325],"greatly":[327],"improved":[328],"reduction":[330],"medicines.There":[337],"need":[339],"restructure":[341],"financing":[342],"mechanisms":[343],"management":[347],"aim":[350],"reducing":[352],"abolishing":[354],"payments":[356],"health":[360],"services":[361],"country.vDECLARATION":[364],"I":[365,407],"declare":[366],"my":[384],"own":[385],"work,":[386],"it":[388],"has":[389],"submitted":[392],"any":[394,399],"degree":[395],"examination":[397],"other":[400],"university,":[401],"all":[404],"sources":[406],"quoted":[411],"indicated":[414],"acknowledged":[416],"complete":[418],"references.":[419]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}