{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1502323949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1004.5077","title":"Discrete mechanics: a sequential growth dynamics for causal sets, and a self-organization of particles","display_name":"Discrete mechanics: a sequential growth dynamics for causal sets, and a self-organization of particles","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1502323949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1004.5077","mag":"1502323949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1004.5077","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.5077","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.5077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.5077","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080880966","display_name":"Alexey L. Krugly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krugly, Alexey L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantum Information Laboratory , Institute of Physics and Physical Technologies , Moscow , Russia;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Information Laboratory , Institute of Physics and Physical Technologies , Moscow , Russia;","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080880966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-set-theory","display_name":"causal sets","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-particles","display_name":"emergent particles","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-processes","display_name":"cyclic processes","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-spacetime","display_name":"emergent spacetime","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creation-and-annihilation-operators","display_name":"creation and annihilation operators","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organization","display_name":"self-organization","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5745878219604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5382580161094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5352694988250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182419690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205464","display_name":"Algebraic structure","level":2,"score":0.48105505108833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.47762197256088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4766824245452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4682765007019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.45616230368614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44851943850517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4181719720363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3789166212081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.30631300806999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.30105555057525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08681726455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1004.5077","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.5077","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.5077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1502323949","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.5077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1004.5077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1004.5077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1004.5077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1004.5077","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.5077","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.5077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1502323949.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1502323949.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95365225","https://openalex.org/W116918993","https://openalex.org/W1564982570","https://openalex.org/W1579769769","https://openalex.org/W1654968542","https://openalex.org/W1969414190","https://openalex.org/W2019004727","https://openalex.org/W2043992675","https://openalex.org/W2053711071","https://openalex.org/W2055748416","https://openalex.org/W2062068040","https://openalex.org/W2062419147","https://openalex.org/W2071674671","https://openalex.org/W2072518662","https://openalex.org/W2079664466","https://openalex.org/W2123393305","https://openalex.org/W2132272743","https://openalex.org/W2157084252","https://openalex.org/W3112919152","https://openalex.org/W3123673463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541381505","https://openalex.org/W2074859073","https://openalex.org/W2310266508","https://openalex.org/W2142391841","https://openalex.org/W1599309001","https://openalex.org/W4381853755","https://openalex.org/W7100647393","https://openalex.org/W3100469663","https://openalex.org/W279616603","https://openalex.org/W7154732554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,74],"model":[1,13,61],"of":[2,18,32,40,46,80,86,97],"a":[3,7,15,26,30,33,41,78],"discrete":[4],"pregeometry":[5],"on":[6,94],"microscopic":[8],"scale":[9],"is":[10,14,25,29,36,49,89,92],"introduced.":[11],"This":[12,35],"finite":[16,19],"network":[17],"elementary":[20],"processes.":[21,65,82],"The":[22,44,57,66],"mathematical":[23],"description":[24],"d-graph":[27],"that":[28],"generalization":[31],"graph.":[34],"the":[37,52,95],"particular":[38],"case":[39],"causal":[42,109],"set.":[43],"aim":[45],"this":[47,60,87],"study":[48],"to":[50],"construct":[51],"particles":[53,58],"as":[54],"emergent":[55],"structures.":[56],"in":[59],"must":[62],"be":[63],"cyclic":[64,81],"general":[67],"dynamics":[68,76,88],"and":[69,99,108],"several":[70],"examples":[71],"are":[72,103,111],"given.":[73,90],"simple":[75],"generates":[77],"hierarchy":[79],"An":[83],"algebraic":[84],"representation":[85],"It":[91],"based":[93],"algebra":[96],"creation":[98],"destruction":[100],"operators.":[101,115],"Loops":[102],"described":[104,112],"by":[105,113],"bosonic":[106],"operators":[107],"connections":[110],"fermionic":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}