{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1502105643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470987643.ch2","title":"What does Google Earth Mean for the Social Sciences?","display_name":"What does Google Earth Mean for the Social Sciences?","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1502105643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470987643.ch2","mag":"1502105643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470987643.ch2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470987643.ch2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470987643.ch2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geographic Visualization","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W649308037","display_name":"Geographic Visualization"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001404194","display_name":"Michael Frank Goodchild","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-3471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-3471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael F. Goodchild","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, and Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, and Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001404194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12343","display_name":"Geography Education and Pedagogy","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/google-earth","display_name":"Google Earth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-globes","display_name":"virtual globes","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-sciences","display_name":"social sciences","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-concepts","display_name":"spatial concepts","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-challenges","display_name":"research challenges","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-mapping","display_name":"digital mapping","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-technologies","display_name":"geotechnologies","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6638364195823669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.47233930230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26148502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488752","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","level":2,"score":0.4547823965549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38286542892456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36564403772354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.36224669218063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.327278733253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.3261995315551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3067426085472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11565250158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08626437187194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.06990298628807068}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470987643.ch2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470987643.ch2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470987643.ch2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geographic Visualization","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2977319411","https://openalex.org/W4412858518","https://openalex.org/W2616043735","https://openalex.org/W6982005568","https://openalex.org/W4236810944","https://openalex.org/W3095650308","https://openalex.org/W2935104037","https://openalex.org/W7071835870","https://openalex.org/W2131072192","https://openalex.org/W2003681282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1],"contains":[2],"sections":[3],"titled:":[4],"Introduction":[5],"Major":[6],"features":[7],"of":[8],"Google":[9],"Earth":[10],"Fundamental":[11],"spatial":[12],"concepts":[13],"The":[14],"social":[15],"perspective":[16],"Research":[17],"challenges":[18],"Conclusions":[19],"References":[20]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}