{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1502045976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0005304","title":"Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs): Evolution","display_name":"Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs): Evolution","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1502045976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0005304","mag":"1502045976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/npg.els.0005304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0005304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0005304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604175","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences","raw_type":"other"},"volume":null,"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109386937","display_name":"Anthony V. Furano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-6828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-6828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony V Furano","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084509179","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Boissinot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-1284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-1284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"St\u00e9phane Boissinot","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10434","display_name":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10434","display_name":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11213","display_name":"Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13664","display_name":"Genome Rearrangement Algorithms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-1","display_name":"LINE-1","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-interspersed-nuclear-elements","display_name":"long interspersed nuclear elements","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrotransposons","display_name":"retrotransposons","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-ltr-retrotransposons","display_name":"non-LTR retrotransposons","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transposable-elements","display_name":"transposable elements","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-transcription","display_name":"reverse transcription","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosomal-integration","display_name":"chromosomal integration","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transposon-evolution","display_name":"transposon evolution","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammalian-genomes","display_name":"mammalian genomes","score":0.8629999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7029365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413988","display_name":"Retrotransposon","level":5,"score":0.9763556122779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117751501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456512","display_name":"Interspersed repeat","level":5,"score":0.7481192946434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199491388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869477","display_name":"Long terminal repeat","level":4,"score":0.6861605644226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6636286973953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779151265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156791","display_name":"Copying","level":2,"score":0.6082400679588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.5920747518539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.5394499897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.441241979598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.4091726243495941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4918238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121438","display_name":"Transposable element","level":4,"score":0.36880701780319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197077220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720988","display_name":"Human genome","level":4,"score":0.3168354034423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1286843717098236}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/npg.els.0005304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0005304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0005304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604175","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486570893","https://openalex.org/W1542093498","https://openalex.org/W1592445034","https://openalex.org/W1820732254","https://openalex.org/W1945591912","https://openalex.org/W1966285167","https://openalex.org/W1984104678","https://openalex.org/W1984201147","https://openalex.org/W1987882116","https://openalex.org/W1988699783","https://openalex.org/W1990808653","https://openalex.org/W1991719330","https://openalex.org/W1996177514","https://openalex.org/W2005877477","https://openalex.org/W2006699168","https://openalex.org/W2007589425","https://openalex.org/W2019054312","https://openalex.org/W2022781361","https://openalex.org/W2026535793","https://openalex.org/W2027361898","https://openalex.org/W2042309823","https://openalex.org/W2047360265","https://openalex.org/W2051125391","https://openalex.org/W2055873867","https://openalex.org/W2062098224","https://openalex.org/W2064629259","https://openalex.org/W2075725079","https://openalex.org/W2086739233","https://openalex.org/W2091279754","https://openalex.org/W2102773855","https://openalex.org/W2120640607","https://openalex.org/W2121584886","https://openalex.org/W2122912971","https://openalex.org/W2124378763","https://openalex.org/W2128038001","https://openalex.org/W2133277576","https://openalex.org/W2133876834","https://openalex.org/W2134026743","https://openalex.org/W2134931943","https://openalex.org/W2141382746","https://openalex.org/W2142204199","https://openalex.org/W2144121185","https://openalex.org/W2147095088","https://openalex.org/W2155264063","https://openalex.org/W2158882685","https://openalex.org/W2159578510","https://openalex.org/W2166067657","https://openalex.org/W2168909179","https://openalex.org/W2174944208","https://openalex.org/W2262482817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099688305","https://openalex.org/W1936689008","https://openalex.org/W4251215276","https://openalex.org/W1542093498","https://openalex.org/W2165238976","https://openalex.org/W1980472427","https://openalex.org/W1412166937","https://openalex.org/W7101091113","https://openalex.org/W2326994024","https://openalex.org/W2012273716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Long":[1],"interspersed":[2],"nuclear":[3],"element":[4],"1":[5],"(LINE\u20101)":[6],"repeated":[7],"DNA":[8],"elements":[9,28,40],"replicate":[10],"by":[11],"copying":[12],"(reverse":[13],"transcribing)":[14],"their":[15],"RNA":[16],"transcript":[17],"into":[18,24],"DNA,":[19],"which":[20],"then":[21],"becomes":[22],"integrated":[23],"the":[25,42,58],"genome.":[26],"These":[27],"lack":[29],"long":[30],"terminal":[31],"repeats":[32],"and":[33,54],"are":[34],"thus":[35],"called":[36],"non\u2010LTR":[37],"retrotransposons.":[38],"LINE\u20101":[39],"constitute":[41],"main":[43],"family":[44],"of":[45],"retrotransposons":[46],"in":[47],"mammals,":[48],"where":[49],"they":[50],"have":[51],"been":[52],"replicating":[53],"evolving":[55],"since":[56],"before":[57],"mammalian":[59],"radiation":[60],"about":[61],"100":[62],"million":[63],"years":[64],"ago.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
