{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1500923364","doi":null,"title":"Economic Implications of Defined Contribution Health Plans: Their Impact on Employers, Insurers, Employees, and Healthcare Providers","display_name":"Economic Implications of Defined Contribution Health Plans: Their Impact on Employers, Insurers, Employees, and Healthcare Providers","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1500923364","mag":"1500923364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/4071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Ford_Economic_2002.pdf","pdf_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Ford_Economic_2002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Ford_Economic_2002.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087487681","display_name":"Eric W. Ford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-0019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-0019"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric W. Ford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-0019","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087487681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21200846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-health-benefits","display_name":"employee health benefits","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-savings-accounts","display_name":"medical savings accounts","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophic-health-insurance","display_name":"catastrophic health insurance","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-rating","display_name":"community rating","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employer-liability","display_name":"employer liability","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-law","display_name":"health insurance law","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care","display_name":"managed care","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employer-sponsored-health-insurance","display_name":"employer-sponsored health insurance","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778873167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59434791","display_name":"Payroll","level":2,"score":0.7485729455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.7356885671615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.6889448165893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.673883855342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5966151356697083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.5630863308906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5075818300247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105458232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689044","display_name":"Voucher","level":2,"score":0.4181404113769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200941418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508","display_name":"Inflation (cosmology)","level":2,"score":0.41053009033203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4056926965713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.33974674344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3126980662345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24851208925247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15889325737953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.13851001858711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/4071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Ford_Economic_2002.pdf","pdf_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Ford_Economic_2002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:1500923364","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg//listing.aspx?id=4071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162611689","display_name":"Business Economics","issn_l":"0007-666X","issn":["0007-666X","1554-432X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Business Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/4071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Ford_Economic_2002.pdf","pdf_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Ford_Economic_2002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1500923364.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1500923364.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513620838","https://openalex.org/W1542397745","https://openalex.org/W1557955457","https://openalex.org/W1965710588","https://openalex.org/W1991650082","https://openalex.org/W1998019540","https://openalex.org/W2009697479","https://openalex.org/W2016884721","https://openalex.org/W2055144733","https://openalex.org/W2065276299","https://openalex.org/W2067780373","https://openalex.org/W2092650263","https://openalex.org/W2114359840","https://openalex.org/W2168604179","https://openalex.org/W2259749333","https://openalex.org/W2404784000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2264976136","https://openalex.org/W2414840490","https://openalex.org/W2079802556","https://openalex.org/W2272411451","https://openalex.org/W2403370563","https://openalex.org/W2265697927","https://openalex.org/W2412652441","https://openalex.org/W2413332604","https://openalex.org/W2398452540","https://openalex.org/W4300641897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Employee":[0],"health":[1,98,140,190],"benefits":[2],"are":[3],"a":[4],"major":[5],"payroll":[6],"expense":[7],"for":[8,79,153],"companies":[9],"that":[10,113],"provide":[11],"them.":[12],"During":[13],"the":[14,30,69,80],"1980s":[15],"and":[16,74,101,116,124,156,178],"90s,":[17],"many":[18,182],"employers":[19,52,77,155],"moved":[20],"workers":[21,185],"into":[22],"managed":[23],"care":[24],"programs":[25],"to":[26,35,53,60,67,90,96,168,187],"control":[27,97],"costs.":[28],"However,":[29],"ability":[31],"of":[32,71,111,175,184],"those":[33],"mechanisms":[34],"contain":[36],"healthcare":[37,72,125],"inflation":[38,73],"has":[39],"run":[40],"its":[41],"course.":[42],"Significant":[43],"rate":[44],"hikes":[45],"in":[46],"2002":[47],"will":[48],"cause":[49],"some":[50,85],"large":[51],"increase":[54,68],"employee":[55],"contributions":[56],"anywhere":[57],"from":[58],"thirteen":[59],"twenty":[61],"percent.":[62],"Further,":[63],"new":[64],"legislation":[65,147],"threatens":[66],"pace":[70],"possibly":[75],"make":[76],"liable":[78],"plans":[81],"they":[82],"offer.":[83],"Therefore,":[84],"firms":[86],"have":[87,114],"already":[88],"turned":[89],"Defined":[91],"Contribution":[92],"Health":[93],"Plans":[94],"(DCHPS)":[95],"benefit":[99],"costs":[100],"limit":[102],"their":[103,118],"legal":[104],"exposure.":[105],"This":[106],"paper":[107],"describes":[108],"two":[109],"types":[110],"DCHPs":[112],"emerged":[115],"analyzes":[117],"impact":[119],"on":[120,131],"employers,":[121],"insurers,":[122],"employees,":[123],"providers.":[126],"The":[127,158],"first":[128],"type,":[129,160],"based":[130],"individual":[132],"Medical":[133],"Savings":[134],"Accounts":[135],"(MSAs)":[136],"plus":[137],"group-based":[138],"catastrophic":[139],"insurance,":[141],"may":[142],"be":[143],"workable":[144],"if":[145],"forthcoming":[146],"provides":[148],"appropriate":[149],"tax":[150],"shelter":[151],"treatment":[152],"both":[154],"employees.":[157],"second":[159],"which":[161],"involves":[162],"straightforward":[163],"voucher":[164],"payments,":[165],"is":[166],"unlikely":[167],"work":[169],"because":[170],"it":[171],"removes":[172],"all":[173],"vestiges":[174],"community":[176],"rating":[177],"would":[179],"therefore":[180],"leave":[181],"classes":[183],"unable":[186],"obtain":[188],"affordable":[189],"coverage.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-16T18:09:00.828671","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
