{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1500907462","doi":null,"title":"CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CO2 EMISSIONS: A DYNAMIC PANEL DATA APPROACH","display_name":"CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CO2 EMISSIONS: A DYNAMIC PANEL DATA APPROACH","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1500907462","mag":"1500907462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:oai.econjournals.com:article/720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/720","pdf_url":"https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/720/415","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764470041","display_name":"International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy","issn_l":"2146-4553","issn":["2146-4553"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318345","host_organization_name":"EconJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EconJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2146-4553","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/720/415","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045220600","display_name":"Chaido Dritsaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-8500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-8500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaido Dritsaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technological University of Western Macedonia#R##N#Kozani"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological University of Western Macedonia#R##N#Kozani","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091461535","display_name":"Melina Dritsaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-3036","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-3036","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-1256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melina Dritsaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warwick"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":590},"apc_paid":{"value":590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":590},"fwci":14.906,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98562594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"causality","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-growth-nexus","display_name":"energy-growth nexus","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-run-relationship","display_name":"long-run relationship","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-run-dynamics","display_name":"short-run dynamics","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-europe","display_name":"Southern Europe","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greece","display_name":"Greece","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spain","display_name":"Spain","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portugal","display_name":"Portugal","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.796999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.8476494550704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7928560972213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.7160356044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195561663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307899","display_name":"Unit root","level":2,"score":0.6267575025558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5918759703636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5914275646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.55865877866745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5189980268478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.44757866859436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.43185630440711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3263695538043976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07906559109687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:oai.econjournals.com:article/720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/720","pdf_url":"https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/720/415","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764470041","display_name":"International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy","issn_l":"2146-4553","issn":["2146-4553"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318345","host_organization_name":"EconJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EconJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2146-4553","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/350791","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijeeep/issue/31909/350791","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijeeep/issue/31909/350791","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.919.4593","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.919.4593","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/720/415/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eco:journ2:2014-02-2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/720/415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.gov.tr:article/350791","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dergipark.gov.tr/ijeeep/issue/31909/350791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\\n Cilt: 4 Say\u0131: 2; Volume: 4, Issue: 2\\n 125-136\\n \\n","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:730f3f9cc3f1443cb85ee95c63319df2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/730f3f9cc3f1443cb85ee95c63319df2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 125-136 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c44175250c9c4dd3b5dfa58804139403","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c44175250c9c4dd3b5dfa58804139403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 125-136 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:oai.econjournals.com:article/720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/720","pdf_url":"https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/720/415","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764470041","display_name":"International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy","issn_l":"2146-4553","issn":["2146-4553"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318345","host_organization_name":"EconJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EconJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2146-4553","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1500907462.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1500907462.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150573749","https://openalex.org/W1533179050","https://openalex.org/W1598969128","https://openalex.org/W1662681156","https://openalex.org/W1969230115","https://openalex.org/W1978775682","https://openalex.org/W1982755996","https://openalex.org/W2003750580","https://openalex.org/W2005013362","https://openalex.org/W2009191664","https://openalex.org/W2034002076","https://openalex.org/W2034707435","https://openalex.org/W2046035574","https://openalex.org/W2099054028","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2117513178","https://openalex.org/W2124884000","https://openalex.org/W2125331782","https://openalex.org/W2128239510","https://openalex.org/W2135811495","https://openalex.org/W2152785505","https://openalex.org/W2153562738","https://openalex.org/W2161007982","https://openalex.org/W3123239124","https://openalex.org/W3123833473","https://openalex.org/W3125372607","https://openalex.org/W3140319058","https://openalex.org/W3176682987","https://openalex.org/W7095893907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568621883","https://openalex.org/W1949828640","https://openalex.org/W2746078717","https://openalex.org/W4318464259","https://openalex.org/W2621921994","https://openalex.org/W2005527535","https://openalex.org/W1894907451","https://openalex.org/W1978539630","https://openalex.org/W2520446153","https://openalex.org/W6980456572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT:":[0],"Energy":[1],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,19,151,193],"economic":[7,61,95,169,180,190,203],"development":[8],"worldwide.":[9],"The":[10,116,132],"increase":[11],"of":[12,33,43,55,104,134,214],"energy":[13,58,92,165,177,185],"consumption":[14,59,93,166,178],"showed":[15],"that":[16,138,184],"CO2":[17,65,99,162],"emissions":[18,66,100,163],"the":[20,34,41,53,75,89,112,125,130,147,152,208,211,219],"atmosphere":[21],"have":[22,48],"increased":[23],"dramatically,":[24],"and":[25,64,83,98,109,118,168,172,179,195,221],"these":[26],"lead":[27],"many":[28],"scientists":[29],"to":[30,37,50,87,123,164,206],"push":[31],"governments":[32],"developing":[35,69],"countries":[36,103,213],"take":[38],"action":[39],"for":[40,52,101,189],"formulation":[42],"environmental":[44],"policies.":[45],"Many":[46],"studies":[47],"attempted":[49],"look":[51],"direction":[54],"causality":[56,85,159,175],"between":[57,91,129,146,176],"(EC),":[60,94,167],"growth":[62,96,170,191],"(GDP)":[63,97,171],"mainly":[67],"on":[68,210],"countries.":[70],"This":[71,182],"paper,":[72],"therefore,":[73],"applies":[74],"panel":[76,80,84],"unit":[77],"root":[78],"tests,":[79],"cointegration":[81],"methods":[82],"test":[86],"investigate":[88],"relationship":[90,128],"three":[102,212],"Southern":[105,215],"Europe":[106,216],"(Greece,":[107],"Spain,":[108],"Portugal)":[110],"covering":[111],"annual":[113],"period":[114],"1960-2009.":[115],"FMOLS":[117,220],"DOLS":[119,222],"are":[120],"then":[121],"used":[122],"estimate":[124],"long":[126,153,196],"run":[127,197],"variables.":[131,149],"findings":[133],"this":[135],"study":[136],"reveal":[137],"there":[139,155],"is":[140,156,186,200],"a":[141,157,173,187],"short-run":[142],"bilateral":[143,174],"causal":[144],"link":[145],"examined":[148],"However,":[150],"run,":[154],"unidirectional":[158],"running":[160],"from":[161,202],"growth.":[181,204],"indicates":[183],"force":[188],"both":[192],"short":[194],"as":[198],"it":[199],"driven":[201],"Moreover,":[205],"face":[207],"heterogeneity":[209],"we":[217],"use":[218],"estimation":[223],"methods.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}