{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1500704010","doi":null,"title":"The Old Boy Network: Gender Differences in the Impact of Social Networks on Remuneration in Top Executive Jobs","display_name":"The Old Boy Network: Gender Differences in the Impact of Social Networks on Remuneration in Top Executive Jobs","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1500704010","mag":"1500704010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:tse:wpaper:25166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/medias/doc/wp/2011/gend_diff_top_executives.pdf","pdf_url":"https://tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/medias/doc/wp/2011/gend_diff_top_executives.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://publications.ut-capitole.fr/960/1/gend_diff_top_executives.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016892505","display_name":"Marie Lalanne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092408","display_name":"Toulouse School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/00ff5f522","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210092408"]}],"countries":["DE","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Lalanne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toulouse school of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toulouse school of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004842196","display_name":"Paul Seabright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-3098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-3098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800828884","display_name":"Institut d'\u00c9conomie Industrielle","ror":"https://ror.org/023xbne13","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800828884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092408","display_name":"Toulouse School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/00ff5f522","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210092408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Seabright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toulouse school of Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-3098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toulouse school of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.8457000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.8457000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.10729999840259552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-compensation","display_name":"executive compensation","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-management","display_name":"top management","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-members","display_name":"board members","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-executive-directors","display_name":"non-executive directors","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-quotas","display_name":"gender quotas","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-management","display_name":"women in management","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-networks","display_name":"career networks","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remuneration","display_name":"remuneration","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777488495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1742093","display_name":"Remuneration","level":2,"score":0.8730359077453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.6513574123382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.6445404291152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5692952871322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5691074728965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779674044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048886","display_name":"Glass ceiling","level":2,"score":0.5270407795906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.47126126289367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780977596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531013","display_name":"Gender pay gap","level":3,"score":0.4287593364715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.4259694516658783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39848190546035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3676854968070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3169025182723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3143986761569977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2936578392982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.2855664789676666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.11339527368545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:tse:wpaper:25166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/medias/doc/wp/2011/gend_diff_top_executives.pdf","pdf_url":"https://tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/medias/doc/wp/2011/gend_diff_top_executives.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.ut-capitole.fr:960","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.idref.fr/175444374>","pdf_url":"http://publications.ut-capitole.fr/960/1/gend_diff_top_executives.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401603","display_name":"Toulouse Capitole Publications (University Toulouse 1 Capitole)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Monograph"},{"id":"mag:1500704010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://idei.fr/sites/default/files/medias/doc/conf/iast/seabrightlalanne.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3121294779","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1952484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:8623","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=8623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.ut-capitole.fr:960","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.idref.fr/175444374>","pdf_url":"http://publications.ut-capitole.fr/960/1/gend_diff_top_executives.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401603","display_name":"Toulouse Capitole Publications (University Toulouse 1 Capitole)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Monograph"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.9444000124931335,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5263000130653381,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1500704010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1500704010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579453122","https://openalex.org/W1517539202","https://openalex.org/W1533750710","https://openalex.org/W1571945629","https://openalex.org/W1576607213","https://openalex.org/W1896342295","https://openalex.org/W1902325563","https://openalex.org/W1967272740","https://openalex.org/W1972759334","https://openalex.org/W2001235058","https://openalex.org/W2002817681","https://openalex.org/W2016842617","https://openalex.org/W2016914253","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2029622624","https://openalex.org/W2030955004","https://openalex.org/W2035081077","https://openalex.org/W2035554302","https://openalex.org/W2038171881","https://openalex.org/W2041356965","https://openalex.org/W2044659687","https://openalex.org/W2067474761","https://openalex.org/W2091824192","https://openalex.org/W2092532477","https://openalex.org/W2094471435","https://openalex.org/W2096242048","https://openalex.org/W2103940926","https://openalex.org/W2107338156","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2115003390","https://openalex.org/W2126543743","https://openalex.org/W2127903477","https://openalex.org/W2130354913","https://openalex.org/W2132176618","https://openalex.org/W2139716534","https://openalex.org/W2143993253","https://openalex.org/W2144357229","https://openalex.org/W2151955343","https://openalex.org/W2156623386","https://openalex.org/W2164359947","https://openalex.org/W2165718919","https://openalex.org/W2215739503","https://openalex.org/W2256753799","https://openalex.org/W2321775433","https://openalex.org/W2324467578","https://openalex.org/W2324915877","https://openalex.org/W2587432234","https://openalex.org/W2798008933","https://openalex.org/W3023725327","https://openalex.org/W3048978509","https://openalex.org/W3121728332","https://openalex.org/W3123422552","https://openalex.org/W3123428852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100482752","https://openalex.org/W7098776912","https://openalex.org/W2265227047","https://openalex.org/W4213087838","https://openalex.org/W2165718919","https://openalex.org/W4214853610","https://openalex.org/W2556117623","https://openalex.org/W3137649793","https://openalex.org/W584959472","https://openalex.org/W2066552145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"an":[1,128],"original":[2],"dataset":[3],"describing":[4],"the":[5,16,31,65,106,132,141,164,170,179,194,213,249],"career":[6],"history":[7],"of":[8,15,19,33,52,58,64,105,108,131,134,166,172,181,196,228],"some":[9],"16,000":[10],"senior":[11],"executives":[12],"and":[13,23,36,177,218,264],"members":[14,199],"non-executive":[17,197,265],"board":[18,198,232,266],"US,":[20],"UK,":[21],"French":[22],"German":[24],"companies,":[25],"we":[26],"investigate":[27],"gender":[28,44,97,156,205,210,229,250],"differences":[29,75],"in":[30,60,76,117,140,212,241,252],"use":[32,165,171,180],"social":[34],"networks":[35],"their":[37,221],"impact":[38],"on":[39],"earnings.There":[40],"is":[41,71,151,245],"a":[42,95,154,203],"large":[43],"wage":[45,206],"gap:":[46],"women":[47,219],"(who":[48],"make":[49],"up":[50],"8.8%":[51],"our":[53],"sample)":[54],"earned":[55,68],"average":[56,66],"salaries":[57,91,126,195],"$168,000":[59],"2008,":[61],"only":[62],"70%":[63],"$241,000":[67],"by":[69],"men.This":[70],"not":[72,201,260],"due":[73],"to":[74,87,163,169,178,184,192,247],"age,":[77],"experience":[78],"or":[79,119,238],"education":[80],"levels.Women":[81],"are":[82,92,127,145,161],"more":[83],"likely":[84],"than":[85],"men":[86,217],"be":[88],"non-executives,":[89],"whose":[90],"lower;":[93],"nevertheless,":[94],"substantial":[96],"gap":[98,157,251],"still":[99],"exists":[100],"among":[101,158],"executives.We":[102],"construct":[103],"measures":[104],"number":[107,133],"currently":[109],"influential":[110],"people":[111],"each":[112],"individual":[113,189],"has":[114,235],"encountered":[115,139],"previously":[116],"his":[118],"her":[120],"career.We":[121],"find":[122],"that":[123,226],"executive":[124,263],"men's":[125],"increasing":[129],"function":[130],"such":[135,257],"individuals":[136],"they":[137],"have":[138],"past":[142],"while":[143],"women's":[144],"not.Controlling":[146],"for":[147,187,231],"this":[148],"discrepancy,":[149],"there":[150],"no":[152],"longer":[153],"significant":[155,204],"executives.These":[159],"findings":[160],"robust":[162],"different":[167],"years,":[168],"salaried":[173],"versus":[174],"non-salaried":[175],"remuneration,":[176],"panel":[182],"estimation":[183],"control":[185],"rigorously":[186],"unobserved":[188],"heterogeneity.In":[190],"contrast":[191],"executives,":[193],"do":[200,259],"display":[202],"gap,":[207],"nor":[208],"any":[209],"difference":[211],"effectiveness":[214],"with":[215],"which":[216],"leverage":[220],"links":[222],"into":[223],"salaries.This":[224],"suggests":[225],"adoption":[227],"quotas":[230,258],"membership,":[233],"as":[234,256],"been":[236],"enacted":[237],"proposed":[239],"recently":[240],"several":[242],"European":[243],"countries,":[244],"unlikely":[246],"reduce":[248],"earnings":[253],"so":[254],"long":[255],"distinguish":[261],"between":[262],"members.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}