{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1499892995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","title":"\u201cMaking the Difficult Choice\u201d: Understanding Georgia\u2019s Test-Based Grade Retention Policy in Reading","display_name":"\u201cMaking the Difficult Choice\u201d: Understanding Georgia\u2019s Test-Based Grade Retention Policy in Reading","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1499892995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","mag":"1499892995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","pdf_url":"https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/download/1716/1617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137104927","display_name":"Education Policy Analysis Archives","issn_l":"1068-2341","issn":["1068-2341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316012","host_organization_name":"Arizona State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316012"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arizona State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Policy Analysis Archives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/download/1716/1617","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrew Prescott Huddleston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60205797","display_name":"Abilene Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/004srrf86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60205797"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Prescott Huddleston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abilene Christian University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abilene Christian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60205797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60205797"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6529,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81717318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"51","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.5708000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.5708000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.18199999630451202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11895","display_name":"Social and Cultural Dynamics","score":0.1289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade-retention","display_name":"school retention","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-achievement","display_name":"reading achievement","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pierre-bourdieu","display_name":"Pierre Bourdieu","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-habitus-and-capital","display_name":"field, capital and habitus","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequity","display_name":"educational inequity","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appeal-procedure","display_name":"appeal procedure","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parents","display_name":"parents","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teachers","display_name":"teachers","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-administrators","display_name":"school administrators","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/georgia","display_name":"Georgia","score":0.6890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C411171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222181","display_name":"Habitus","level":3,"score":0.8117591142654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6993747353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6702215671539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778930550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918002","display_name":"Cultural capital","level":2,"score":0.6501469016075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5459066033363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5278323292732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.48852670192718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778136243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248822","display_name":"School choice","level":2,"score":0.4611850380897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779747766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18542","display_name":"Grade retention","level":3,"score":0.4509716033935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.43596741557121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.41888725757598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4140457510948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4107934534549713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34670764207839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2998698949813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1958937644958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.18931490182876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.17090734839439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11523640155792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","pdf_url":"https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/download/1716/1617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137104927","display_name":"Education Policy Analysis Archives","issn_l":"1068-2341","issn":["1068-2341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316012","host_organization_name":"Arizona State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316012"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arizona State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Policy Analysis Archives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.899.8613","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.899.8613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1062323.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e76c5c3ab1ef4c6f953f975c4d13e0e5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e76c5c3ab1ef4c6f953f975c4d13e0e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education Policy Analysis Archives, Vol 23, Iss 0 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:redalyc.org:275041389021","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=275041389021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196100","display_name":"Redalyc (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179647637","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179647637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education Policy Analysis Archives/Archivos Anal\u00edticos de Pol\u00edticas Educativas (Estados Unidos de Am\u00e9rica) Vol.23","raw_type":"art\u00edculo cient\u00edfico"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.1716","pdf_url":"https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/download/1716/1617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137104927","display_name":"Education Policy Analysis Archives","issn_l":"1068-2341","issn":["1068-2341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316012","host_organization_name":"Arizona State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316012"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arizona State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Policy Analysis Archives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1499892995.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1499892995.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18686287","https://openalex.org/W200210882","https://openalex.org/W203140905","https://openalex.org/W218192774","https://openalex.org/W380575115","https://openalex.org/W648589898","https://openalex.org/W1235435369","https://openalex.org/W1481813919","https://openalex.org/W1486904609","https://openalex.org/W1512477848","https://openalex.org/W1527311855","https://openalex.org/W1540808441","https://openalex.org/W1561567817","https://openalex.org/W1564697174","https://openalex.org/W1586291495","https://openalex.org/W1590163461","https://openalex.org/W1593701157","https://openalex.org/W1601337787","https://openalex.org/W1605824561","https://openalex.org/W1622527855","https://openalex.org/W1661797301","https://openalex.org/W1803273808","https://openalex.org/W1981759308","https://openalex.org/W1984917410","https://openalex.org/W2000372828","https://openalex.org/W2020025234","https://openalex.org/W2040290160","https://openalex.org/W2042852016","https://openalex.org/W2044132146","https://openalex.org/W2048532022","https://openalex.org/W2048884262","https://openalex.org/W2049260400","https://openalex.org/W2050762386","https://openalex.org/W2056330418","https://openalex.org/W2057563009","https://openalex.org/W2060895474","https://openalex.org/W2076363222","https://openalex.org/W2077984909","https://openalex.org/W2085720197","https://openalex.org/W2104244345","https://openalex.org/W2105160850","https://openalex.org/W2112275628","https://openalex.org/W2114777447","https://openalex.org/W2123360947","https://openalex.org/W2131964634","https://openalex.org/W2133766618","https://openalex.org/W2138018270","https://openalex.org/W2150984651","https://openalex.org/W2154240172","https://openalex.org/W2155195984","https://openalex.org/W2162510130","https://openalex.org/W2319642667","https://openalex.org/W2320595379","https://openalex.org/W2337762111","https://openalex.org/W2390008750","https://openalex.org/W2485438980","https://openalex.org/W2608014122","https://openalex.org/W2730227164","https://openalex.org/W2782878764","https://openalex.org/W2892323187","https://openalex.org/W2936069350","https://openalex.org/W2964709085","https://openalex.org/W2993641122","https://openalex.org/W2999615562","https://openalex.org/W3003154809","https://openalex.org/W3021240172","https://openalex.org/W3049231756","https://openalex.org/W3126349953","https://openalex.org/W3210030168","https://openalex.org/W3214833809","https://openalex.org/W3216779397","https://openalex.org/W4229864114","https://openalex.org/W4239333377","https://openalex.org/W4246849742","https://openalex.org/W4297439706","https://openalex.org/W4298297662","https://openalex.org/W4300713576","https://openalex.org/W4301056702","https://openalex.org/W4313822504","https://openalex.org/W4398227931","https://openalex.org/W6613023151","https://openalex.org/W6635942101","https://openalex.org/W6722449814","https://openalex.org/W6781788276","https://openalex.org/W7030180254","https://openalex.org/W7066807719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7035794138","https://openalex.org/W2116659794","https://openalex.org/W7135402987","https://openalex.org/W4378220919","https://openalex.org/W7221396757","https://openalex.org/W25447623","https://openalex.org/W2131964634","https://openalex.org/W7038064387","https://openalex.org/W2736339478","https://openalex.org/W128598060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"author":[1,39],"uses":[2],"Bourdieu\u2019s":[3],"concepts":[4],"of":[5,57],"field,":[6],"capital,":[7],"and":[8,16,42,52,62,67,74,86,107],"habitus":[9],"to":[10,20,103,113],"analyze":[11],"how":[12],"students,":[13],"parents,":[14,50],"teachers,":[15,51],"administrators":[17,108],"are":[18],"responding":[19],"Georgia\u2019s":[21],"test-based":[22,58],"grade":[23],"retention":[24,87,116],"policy":[25,101],"in":[26],"reading":[27],"at":[28],"one":[29],"Georgia":[30],"elementary":[31],"school.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"multiple":[35],"case":[36],"study,":[37],"the":[38,55,60,79,98,100,105],"interviewed,":[40],"observed,":[41],"collected":[43],"documents":[44],"regarding":[45],"ten":[46],"fifth":[47],"graders,":[48],"their":[49],"administrators.":[53],"Within":[54],"field":[56],"retention,":[59],"students":[61,94],"parents":[63],"brought":[64],"cultural,":[65],"social,":[66],"economic":[68],"capital":[69],"that":[70,78,92,115],"received":[71],"little":[72],"value,":[73],"they":[75],"readily":[76],"accepted":[77],"Criterion-Referenced":[80],"Competency":[81],"Tests":[82],"(CRCT)":[83],"was":[84,88,117],"trustworthy":[85],"fair.":[89],"However,":[90],"believing":[91],"retaining":[93],"would":[95],"ultimately":[96],"reproduce":[97],"inequities":[99],"claimed":[102],"address,":[104],"teachers":[106],"used":[109],"an":[110],"appeals":[111],"procedure":[112],"ensure":[114],"not":[118],"based":[119],"solely":[120],"on":[121],"test":[122],"scores.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}