{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1498970566","doi":null,"title":"Biosafety decisions and perceived commercial risks: The role of GM-free private standards","display_name":"Biosafety decisions and perceived commercial risks: The role of GM-free private standards","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1498970566","mag":"1498970566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:fpr:ifprid:847","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00847.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00847.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10568/161835","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039819998","display_name":"Guillaume Gru\u00e8re","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillaume Gru\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010279397","display_name":"Debdatta Sengupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debdatta Sengupta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11426","display_name":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11426","display_name":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetically-modified-foods","display_name":"genetically modified foods","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosafety-policy","display_name":"biosafety policy","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-companies","display_name":"food industry enterprises","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-asymmetry","display_name":"information asymmetry","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-aversion","display_name":"risk aversion","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-power","display_name":"market power","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-farmers","display_name":"organic farmers","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/namibia","display_name":"Namibia","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52384281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864713","display_name":"Biosafety","level":2,"score":0.9353264570236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5744842886924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44229161739349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4049467444419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27599120140075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.21525698900222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:fpr:ifprid:847","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00847.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00847.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1498970566","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/gmfood.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cgspace.cgiar.org:10568/161835","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10568/161835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402055","display_name":"CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1286583668","host_organization_name":"CGIAR","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gru\u00e8re, Guillaume P.; Sengupta, Debdatta. 2009. Biosafety decisions and perceived commercial risks. IFPRI Discussion Paper 847. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/161835","raw_type":"Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cgspace.cgiar.org:10568/161835","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10568/161835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402055","display_name":"CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1286583668","host_organization_name":"CGIAR","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gru\u00e8re, Guillaume P.; Sengupta, Debdatta. 2009. Biosafety decisions and perceived commercial risks. IFPRI Discussion Paper 847. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/161835","raw_type":"Working Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25517089","https://openalex.org/W77569505","https://openalex.org/W412501953","https://openalex.org/W1482244041","https://openalex.org/W1500475439","https://openalex.org/W1513106538","https://openalex.org/W1523988028","https://openalex.org/W1524856113","https://openalex.org/W1558549828","https://openalex.org/W1563308580","https://openalex.org/W1573164676","https://openalex.org/W1896612940","https://openalex.org/W1969821982","https://openalex.org/W1976902541","https://openalex.org/W1977594552","https://openalex.org/W1983322504","https://openalex.org/W1983374277","https://openalex.org/W1989605529","https://openalex.org/W2011699361","https://openalex.org/W2016390702","https://openalex.org/W2018959746","https://openalex.org/W2020088040","https://openalex.org/W2022730133","https://openalex.org/W2031676601","https://openalex.org/W2033749785","https://openalex.org/W2039981184","https://openalex.org/W2042439104","https://openalex.org/W2057678775","https://openalex.org/W2078710188","https://openalex.org/W2080178805","https://openalex.org/W2081409294","https://openalex.org/W2089999343","https://openalex.org/W2098326129","https://openalex.org/W2099837494","https://openalex.org/W2105786871","https://openalex.org/W2123266562","https://openalex.org/W2127993779","https://openalex.org/W2131311305","https://openalex.org/W2132007057","https://openalex.org/W2135963052","https://openalex.org/W2136329877","https://openalex.org/W2136358741","https://openalex.org/W2139507778","https://openalex.org/W2146395067","https://openalex.org/W2147281505","https://openalex.org/W2147357110","https://openalex.org/W2159246520","https://openalex.org/W2160785744","https://openalex.org/W2161415046","https://openalex.org/W2164332112","https://openalex.org/W2166261136","https://openalex.org/W2168606282","https://openalex.org/W2169630195","https://openalex.org/W2225190958","https://openalex.org/W2271872454","https://openalex.org/W2345504614","https://openalex.org/W2588628010","https://openalex.org/W2782354340","https://openalex.org/W3089606717","https://openalex.org/W3121661451","https://openalex.org/W3121913672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6980277773","https://openalex.org/W2120909159","https://openalex.org/W7198866357","https://openalex.org/W2107599168","https://openalex.org/W2012948767","https://openalex.org/W2520566413","https://openalex.org/W2147876996","https://openalex.org/W6922313340","https://openalex.org/W2490888645","https://openalex.org/W4297958731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,24,182,217],"herein":[1],"investigate":[2],"the":[3,14,28,72,98,132,142,192,198,205,212],"observed":[4],"discrepancy":[5],"between":[6,83],"real":[7,175,257],"and":[8,41,46,63,68,74,87,103,146,179,211,223],"perceived":[9,228],"commercial":[10,157,173,258],"risks":[11,158,259],"associated":[12],"with":[13,141],"use":[15,284],"of":[16,30,81,101,134,156,171,200,207,214,245,287],"genetically":[17],"modified":[18],"(GM)":[19],"products":[20],"in":[21,39,50,65,91,106,110,153],"developing":[22,52,111],"countries.":[23,53,93],"focus":[25],"particularly":[26],"on":[27,44,55,263],"effects":[29],"GM-free":[31,85,119],"private":[32,84],"standards":[33,86],"set":[34],"up":[35,118],"by":[36,116,191],"food":[37,104],"companies":[38,105],"Europe":[40],"other":[42],"countries":[43],"biotechnology":[45,240],"biosafety":[47,88,107,238],"policy":[48,89,108,241],"decisions":[49,90],"food-exporting":[51],"Based":[54],"field":[56],"visits":[57],"made":[58],"to":[59,196,227,250,255,268,276],"South":[60],"Africa,":[61],"Namibia,":[62],"Kenya":[64],"June":[66],"2007,":[67],"secondary":[69],"information":[70,221],"from":[71,260],"press":[73],"various":[75,193],"publications,":[76],"we":[77,95,113,167],"find":[78,114,219],"31":[79],"cases":[80],"interactions":[82],"21":[92],"Although":[94],"cannot":[96],"infer":[97],"direct":[99],"involvement":[100],"supermarkets":[102],"processes":[109],"countries,":[112],"that":[115,159,220],"setting":[117],"standards,":[120],"these":[121],"actors":[122],"are":[123,160,248],"indirectly":[124],"influential":[125],"via":[126],"their":[127],"local":[128],"traders,":[129],"who":[130],"face":[131,274],"possibility":[133],"exclusion":[135],"if":[136],"they":[137,273],"do":[138],"not":[139,161],"comply":[140],"standards.":[143],"Organic":[144],"producers?":[145],"anti-GM":[147],"organizations":[148],"also":[149,218],"play":[150],"a":[151,252],"role":[152],"spreading":[154],"perceptions":[155],"always":[162],"justified.":[163],"By":[164],"comparing":[165],"cases,":[166],"differentiate":[168],"three":[169],"types":[170],"relevant":[172],"risks:":[174,204],"risks,":[176,178],"potential":[177,201],"unproven":[180,203],"risks.":[181],"then":[183],"identify":[184],"two":[185],"critical,":[186],"yet":[187],"misleading,":[188],"presumptions":[189],"perpetuated":[190],"interest":[194],"groups":[195],"spread":[197],"fear":[199,286],"or":[202,239,283],"infeasibility":[206],"non-GM":[208],"product":[209],"segregation":[210],"lack":[213],"alternative":[215],"buyers.":[216],"asymmetries":[222],"risk-averse":[224],"behaviors":[225],"related":[226],"market":[229],"power":[230],"can":[231],"help":[232],"insert":[233],"unfounded":[234],"export":[235,289],"concerns":[236],"into":[237],"decisions.":[242],"The":[243],"results":[244],"our":[246],"analysis":[247],"used":[249],"suggest":[251],"simple":[253],"framework":[254],"separate":[256],"others,":[261],"based":[262],"five":[264],"critical":[265],"questions":[266],"designed":[267],"aid":[269],"decision":[270],"makers":[271],"when":[272],"pressures":[275],"reject":[277],"GM":[278],"crop":[279],"testing,":[280],"application,":[281],"consumption":[282],"for":[285],"alleged":[288],"losses.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
