{"id":"https://openalex.org/W149802923","doi":null,"title":"Bioavailability of oral vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in perspective.","display_name":"Bioavailability of oral vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in perspective.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W149802923","mag":"149802923","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9150856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9150856","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9150856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111427231","display_name":"K. Sch\u00fcmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255325","display_name":"Walther-Straub-Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02wbcav28","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255325","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Sch\u00fcmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walter-Straub-Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologic und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walter-Straub-Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologic und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255325","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110382876","display_name":"H. G. Classen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H G Classen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083072616","display_name":"Monika Hages","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Hages","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038867395","display_name":"Reinhild Prinz\u2010Langenohl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Prinz-Langenohl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112464519","display_name":"Klaus F. Pietrzik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Pietrzik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040514210","display_name":"Hans Konrad Biesalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8422-915X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8422-915X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H K Biesalski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83625748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"4","first_page":"369","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.421099990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.421099990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.20999999344348907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10452","display_name":"Iron Metabolism and Disorders","score":0.17110000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioavailability","display_name":"bioavailability","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micronutrients","display_name":"micronutrients","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamins","display_name":"vitamins","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-elements","display_name":"trace elements","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homeostatic-regulation","display_name":"homeostatic regulation","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron","display_name":"iron","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"magnesium","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-a","display_name":"vitamin A","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folic-acid","display_name":"folic acid","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-b12","display_name":"vitamin B12","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-absorption","display_name":"intestinal absorption","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-clearance","display_name":"plasma clearance","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deficiency-symptoms","display_name":"deficiency symptoms","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-standards","display_name":"regulatory standards","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.9552716016769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14522933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507","display_name":"Micronutrient","level":2,"score":0.8414012789726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5039326548576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.4590301811695099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.31194961071014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2400502860546112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.22739478945732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001682","descriptor_name":"Biological Availability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008903","descriptor_name":"Minerals","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014131","descriptor_name":"Trace Elements","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014815","descriptor_name":"Vitamins","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9150856","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9150856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:149802923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9150856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2248792437","https://openalex.org/W748196045","https://openalex.org/W2147557418","https://openalex.org/W2401184250","https://openalex.org/W7154116359","https://openalex.org/W4416361182","https://openalex.org/W7114790859","https://openalex.org/W2989763960","https://openalex.org/W2063856197","https://openalex.org/W2465139094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bioavailability":[0,166],"of":[1,15,39,71,85,96,134,141,153,163,190,203,215,222,247],"orally":[2],"administered":[3],"vitamins,":[4],"minerals,":[5],"and":[6,69,75,227,236,245,280],"trace":[7],"elements":[8],"is":[9,20,34,122],"subject":[10],"to":[11,24,31,35,54,80,211,251,255,266,278],"a":[12,142,164],"complex":[13],"set":[14],"influences.":[16],"Still,":[17],"administrative":[18],"regulation":[19,224],"necessary":[21],"on":[22,93,106,137,205],"how":[23],"quantify":[25,212],"it.":[26],"The":[27,83,239],"most":[28],"common":[29,261],"approach":[30,52,262],"this":[32,51,168],"problem":[33],"determine":[36],"the":[37,45,56,63,81,94,100,107,111,114,138,147,151,160,174,184,201,213,219,252],"fraction":[38],"an":[40,91,123,257],"oral":[41,120,216],"dose":[42],"that":[43,65,155,207,241,259],"reaches":[44],"systemic":[46],"circulation.":[47],"For":[48],"micronutrients,":[49],"however,":[50],"has":[53,90],"consider":[55,267],"physiological":[57],"plasma":[58,101,108,115,139],"concentration":[59,116,140],"as":[60,62,103,105],"well":[61,104],"mechanisms":[64,136,240],"regulate":[66,281],"intestinal":[67],"absorption":[68],"distribution":[70],"micronutrients":[72,250],"between":[73,87],"functional":[74],"storage":[76],"compartments":[77,89],"in":[78,167,270],"response":[79],"demand.":[82],"rate":[84,175],"exchange":[86],"these":[88,191,248,268],"impact":[92],"delivery":[95],"such":[97,256],"compounds":[98],"into":[99],"compartment":[102],"clearance.":[109],"Monitoring":[110],"area":[112],"under":[113],"time":[117],"curve":[118],"after":[119],"administration":[121],"inadequate":[124],"tool":[125],"for":[126,229,284,287],"bioavailability":[127,214,271,285],"determination":[128],"if":[129],"there":[130],"are":[131,180,194,208,225],"substantial":[132],"impacts":[133,154,204,269],"homeostatic":[135,197,223],"micronutrient.":[143],"In":[144,273],"nutritional":[145],"science":[146],"term":[148],"\"bioavailability\"":[149],"encompasses":[150],"sum":[152],"may":[156],"reduce":[157],"or":[158,182],"foster":[159],"metabolic":[161],"utilisation":[162],"nutrient.":[165],"sense":[169],"can":[170,263],"be":[171,264],"quantified":[172],"by":[173,176,183,196],"which":[177],"deficiency":[178],"symptoms":[179],"cured":[181],"weight":[185],"gain":[186],"during":[187],"growth.":[188],"both":[189],"endpoints,":[192],"again,":[193],"influenced":[195],"mechanisms.":[198],"To":[199],"exemplify":[200],"scope":[202],"parameters":[206],"commonly":[209],"used":[210],"micronutrient":[217,289],"preparations":[218],"basic":[220],"traits":[221],"summarised":[226],"compared":[228],"iron,":[230],"magnesium,":[231],"vitamin":[232,237],"A,":[233],"folic":[234],"acid,":[235],"B12.":[238],"adapt":[242],"absorption,":[243],"distribution,":[244],"excretion":[246],"five":[249],"demand":[253],"differ":[254],"extent":[258],"no":[260],"derived":[265],"determination.":[272],"consequence,":[274],"therefore,":[275],"we":[276],"recommend":[277],"define":[279],"individual":[282],"strategies":[283],"testing":[286],"each":[288],"with":[290],"regulated":[291],"kinetics.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}