{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1497795752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ntj41862330","title":"RECONSIDERING THE WORK DISINCENTIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL SECURITY","display_name":"RECONSIDERING THE WORK DISINCENTIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL SECURITY","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1497795752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ntj41862330","mag":"1497795752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/ntj41862330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ntj41862330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ntj41862330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116184629","display_name":"National Tax Journal","issn_l":"0028-0283","issn":["0028-0283","1944-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Tax Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029944461","display_name":"Alan S. Blinder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-1843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-1843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ALAN S. BLINDER","raw_affiliation_strings":["","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Princeton University - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066604469","display_name":"Roger Gordon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ROGER H. GORDON","raw_affiliation_strings":["","University of California, San Diego (UCSD) - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego (UCSD) - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008586015","display_name":"Donald E. Wise","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186776151","display_name":"Rider University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dgn5344","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186776151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DONALD E. WISE","raw_affiliation_strings":["","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Rider University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rider University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186776151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.5961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99599911,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"431","last_page":"442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security","display_name":"social security","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-incentives","display_name":"work incentives","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-workers","display_name":"older workers","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-participation","display_name":"labor force participation","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement","display_name":"retirement","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-men","display_name":"older men","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.8810669183731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.7939499616622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7887780070304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6694468855857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6541820168495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5464493036270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.44934237003326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11249309778213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0962839126586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.09257251024246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/ntj41862330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ntj41862330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ntj41862330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116184629","display_name":"National Tax Journal","issn_l":"0028-0283","issn":["0028-0283","1944-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Tax Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124873339","https://openalex.org/W2901281777","https://openalex.org/W147165375","https://openalex.org/W4390206233","https://openalex.org/W594014151","https://openalex.org/W3203472655","https://openalex.org/W2901629618","https://openalex.org/W2107903999","https://openalex.org/W2164637205","https://openalex.org/W4391870879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"shows":[2],"that,":[3,27],"contrary":[4],"to":[5,35,64,96],"commonly":[6],"held":[7],"views,":[8],"the":[9,12,61,65,86,97],"provisions":[10],"of":[11,51,93],"social":[13,38,66,98],"security":[14,39,67,99],"law":[15,68],"actually":[16],"provide":[17],"strong":[18,46],"work":[19,84],"incentives":[20,42],"for":[21,28,47],"older":[22,94],"men.":[23],"The":[24,76],"reason":[25],"is":[26],"most":[29],"workers,":[30],"higher":[31,36],"current":[32],"earnings":[33],"lead":[34],"future":[37],"benefits.":[40],"These":[41],"have":[43],"been":[44],"particularly":[45],"workers":[48],"under":[49],"65":[50],"age":[52],"and,":[53],"although":[54],"they":[55,72],"will":[56,73],"be":[57],"reduced":[58],"somewhat":[59],"when":[60],"1977":[62],"amendments":[63],"become":[69],"fully":[70],"effective,":[71],"remain":[74],"substantial.":[75],"findings":[77],"raise":[78],"serious":[79],"questions":[80],"about":[81],"recent":[82],"econometric":[83],"attributing":[85],"decline":[87],"in":[88],"labor":[89],"force":[90],"participation":[91],"rates":[92],"men":[95],"system.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}