{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1495801328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62560-7_49","title":"The rise of machine intelligence","display_name":"The rise of machine intelligence","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1495801328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62560-7_49","mag":"1495801328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-62560-7_49","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62560-7_49","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62560-7_49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2503471037","display_name":"Software Agents and Soft Computing Towards Enhancing Machine Intelligence"},"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111430240","display_name":"Hyacinth S. Nwana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. S. Nwana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Research, Advanced Applications & Technology Department, BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath, IP5 7RE, Ipswich, Suffolk, UK","BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Research, Advanced Applications & Technology Department, BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath, IP5 7RE, Ipswich, Suffolk, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077424315","display_name":"Nader Azarmi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. Azarmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Research, Advanced Applications & Technology Department, BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath, IP5 7RE, Ipswich, Suffolk, UK","BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Research, Advanced Applications & Technology Department, BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath, IP5 7RE, Ipswich, Suffolk, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003485249","display_name":"Robert Dean Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-6009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-6009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, SW7 2BT, London, UK","imperial College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, SW7 2BT, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imperial College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077424315","https://openalex.org/A5111430240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08071856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"251","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-intelligence","display_name":"machine intelligence","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"history of artificial intelligence","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-software-systems","display_name":"intelligent software","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bt","display_name":"BT","score":0.5460000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5695608854293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207453521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801079","display_name":"Artificial intelligence, situated approach","level":2,"score":0.5572237372398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5276281237602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40046163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268831","display_name":"Intelligence cycle","level":3,"score":0.49285316467285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44464901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770893","display_name":"Marketing and artificial intelligence","level":3,"score":0.465537428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4479217827320099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3402366042137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3258397579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2577543258666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49504249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4168000","display_name":"Military intelligence","level":2,"score":0.13105222582817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1289074718952179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.03928080201148987}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-62560-7_49","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62560-7_49","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62560-7_49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63734359","https://openalex.org/W1491591889","https://openalex.org/W1538472072","https://openalex.org/W1596092532","https://openalex.org/W1663018970","https://openalex.org/W1965482737","https://openalex.org/W1990960405","https://openalex.org/W1999183681","https://openalex.org/W2023982043","https://openalex.org/W2039283193","https://openalex.org/W2039590334","https://openalex.org/W2050252298","https://openalex.org/W2142383816","https://openalex.org/W2999924739","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4405868763","https://openalex.org/W6632219130","https://openalex.org/W6637114949","https://openalex.org/W6641661888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548598919","https://openalex.org/W116676210","https://openalex.org/W299193131","https://openalex.org/W269655730","https://openalex.org/W3128514756","https://openalex.org/W2624032351","https://openalex.org/W2503471037","https://openalex.org/W2463644764","https://openalex.org/W348217171","https://openalex.org/W195910516"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}