{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1494936780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.332","title":"Labeling opinions in the climate debate: a critical review","display_name":"Labeling opinions in the climate debate: a critical review","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1494936780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.332","mag":"1494936780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/wcc.332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205538080","display_name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change","issn_l":"1757-7780","issn":["1757-7780","1757-7799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIREs Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Labeling_opinions_in_the_climate_debate_a_critical_review/23778219","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018061584","display_name":"Candice Howarth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-5747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-5747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51216347","display_name":"Anglia Ruskin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0009t4v78","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Candice C. Howarth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077677166","display_name":"Amelia Sharman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-1678","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-1678"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amelia G. Sharman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and the Environment/Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; London School of Economics and Political Science; London UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and the Environment/Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; London School of Economics and Political Science; London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018061584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"],"apc_list":{"value":5450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.4578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98670516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"239","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11488","display_name":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11488","display_name":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-skepticism","display_name":"climate change skepticism","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-alarmism","display_name":"climate alarmism","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-denial","display_name":"climate change denial","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrarianism","display_name":"contrarianism","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"polarization","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-policy-dialogue","display_name":"science-policy dialogue","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-understanding-of-climate-change","display_name":"public understanding of climate change","score":0.7910000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.6736987829208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.625274121761322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6197003126144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.5751783847808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.5138068795204163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48960310220718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.48233386874198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.47682660818099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.43345069885253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.42149415612220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.4195248484611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165738","display_name":"Contrarian","level":2,"score":0.41484886407852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3300442695617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.322030246257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2212626039981842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16131064295768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1356169581413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10616204142570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/wcc.332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205538080","display_name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change","issn_l":"1757-7780","issn":["1757-7780","1757-7799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIREs Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11138742010002346","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"Open Research (University of Surrey)","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arro.anglia.ac.uk:704482","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/704482/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402145","display_name":"Anglia Ruskin Research Online (Anglia Ruskin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51216347","host_organization_name":"Anglia Ruskin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:841634","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/841634/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23778219","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Labeling_opinions_in_the_climate_debate_a_critical_review/23778219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23778219","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Labeling_opinions_in_the_climate_debate_a_critical_review/23778219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.685699999332428,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49838904","https://openalex.org/W86834578","https://openalex.org/W150111143","https://openalex.org/W151640411","https://openalex.org/W332718950","https://openalex.org/W403206144","https://openalex.org/W579553594","https://openalex.org/W1212204863","https://openalex.org/W1489768987","https://openalex.org/W1514520389","https://openalex.org/W1527452312","https://openalex.org/W1539416494","https://openalex.org/W1550927947","https://openalex.org/W1562212575","https://openalex.org/W1673067848","https://openalex.org/W1692525293","https://openalex.org/W1785962777","https://openalex.org/W1798033376","https://openalex.org/W1917909470","https://openalex.org/W1937174392","https://openalex.org/W1955040935","https://openalex.org/W1966156330","https://openalex.org/W1966567108","https://openalex.org/W1969684509","https://openalex.org/W1973329618","https://openalex.org/W1973635410","https://openalex.org/W1974468418","https://openalex.org/W1979226811","https://openalex.org/W1997600870","https://openalex.org/W1998588977","https://openalex.org/W1999811439","https://openalex.org/W2001213794","https://openalex.org/W2002970006","https://openalex.org/W2006108110","https://openalex.org/W2006637671","https://openalex.org/W2011109956","https://openalex.org/W2013974666","https://openalex.org/W2014677709","https://openalex.org/W2016438446","https://openalex.org/W2025301082","https://openalex.org/W2028030974","https://openalex.org/W2035305558","https://openalex.org/W2042069704","https://openalex.org/W2043561323","https://openalex.org/W2052972175","https://openalex.org/W2055161138","https://openalex.org/W2055859451","https://openalex.org/W2060847412","https://openalex.org/W2075438865","https://openalex.org/W2076879149","https://openalex.org/W2082879918","https://openalex.org/W2084823839","https://openalex.org/W2085696715","https://openalex.org/W2086958671","https://openalex.org/W2087706181","https://openalex.org/W2089347171","https://openalex.org/W2094291381","https://openalex.org/W2094905698","https://openalex.org/W2096068634","https://openalex.org/W2096513687","https://openalex.org/W2106707344","https://openalex.org/W2112336441","https://openalex.org/W2119582486","https://openalex.org/W2126320607","https://openalex.org/W2128082596","https://openalex.org/W2129238885","https://openalex.org/W2130015704","https://openalex.org/W2138857993","https://openalex.org/W2143783581","https://openalex.org/W2144674952","https://openalex.org/W2148186201","https://openalex.org/W2150375325","https://openalex.org/W2152040645","https://openalex.org/W2154720877","https://openalex.org/W2156685600","https://openalex.org/W2166793239","https://openalex.org/W2169652144","https://openalex.org/W2169771737","https://openalex.org/W2172138929","https://openalex.org/W2196672866","https://openalex.org/W2197426332","https://openalex.org/W2330582260","https://openalex.org/W2330812621","https://openalex.org/W2334751973","https://openalex.org/W2343466942","https://openalex.org/W2598197561","https://openalex.org/W2611303810","https://openalex.org/W2751624169","https://openalex.org/W2884295076","https://openalex.org/W3081245319","https://openalex.org/W3121359532","https://openalex.org/W3124887621","https://openalex.org/W4233870055","https://openalex.org/W4244021162","https://openalex.org/W4298012152","https://openalex.org/W6920865681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587326621","https://openalex.org/W1976358154","https://openalex.org/W2252532308","https://openalex.org/W2084823839","https://openalex.org/W2549897751","https://openalex.org/W4252981530","https://openalex.org/W3081245319","https://openalex.org/W1503671488","https://openalex.org/W2567243805","https://openalex.org/W2120694572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Labels":[0],"play":[1],"an":[2,87,186],"important":[3],"role":[4],"in":[5,49,146,153],"opinion":[6,80],"formation,":[7],"helping":[8,63],"to":[9,64,90,160],"actively":[10],"construct":[11],"perceptions":[12],"and":[13,15,35,41,62,70,82,128,132,150,155,164,184,193,212,231,246],"reality,":[14],"place":[16],"individuals":[17],"into":[18],"context":[19,89,131,176],"with":[20,125],"others.":[21],"As":[22],"a":[23,30,198],"highly":[24],"complex":[25],"issue,":[26],"climate":[27,51,79,122,141],"change":[28,52],"invites":[29],"range":[31],"of":[32,96,107,121,167,233,240],"different":[33],"opinions":[34],"dialogs":[36],"about":[37],"its":[38],"causes,":[39],"impacts,":[40],"action":[42],"required.":[43],"However,":[44],"the":[45,50,66,76,83,105,133,147,182],"polarized":[46,217],"labels":[47,109,189],"used":[48],"debate,":[53],"such":[54,110],"as":[55,68,111,144,151],"skeptic":[56],"or":[57,100,102,113],"alarmist,":[58],"are":[59,158],"both":[60,143],"reflecting":[61],"frame":[65],"debate":[67],"antagonistic":[69],"combative.":[71],"This":[72,224],"paper":[73],"critically":[74],"reviews":[75],"literature":[77,183],"on":[78,117,119,188,200],"labels,":[81,142],"efforts":[84],"taken":[85],"within":[86],"academic":[88,148],"categorize":[91],"differences,":[92],"create":[93,101],"new":[94,108],"taxonomies":[95],"more":[97,206],"detailed":[98],"sub\u2010labels,":[99],"argue":[103,139],"for":[104,135],"use":[106],"denier":[112],"contrarian.":[114],"By":[115],"drawing":[116],"research":[118],"typologies":[120],"opinions,":[123],"problems":[124],"labeling":[126],"constructs":[127],"discussions":[129],"around":[130],"implications":[134],"science\u2010policy":[136],"dialog,":[137],"we":[138],"that":[140,175,185],"constructed":[145],"literature,":[149],"applied":[152],"science":[154],"policy":[156],"debates,":[157],"serving":[159],"isolate,":[161],"exclude,":[162],"ignore,":[163],"dismiss":[165],"claims\u2010makers":[166],"all":[168],"types":[169],"from":[170,197],"constructive":[171],"dialog.":[172],"It":[173],"suggests":[174],"has":[177],"been":[178],"inadequately":[179],"considered":[180],"by":[181],"emphasis":[187],"is":[190,226],"accentuating":[191],"division":[192],"diverting":[194],"attention":[195],"away":[196],"focus":[199],"underlying":[201],"motivations,":[202],"which":[203],"may":[204],"be":[205],"conducive":[207],"toward":[208],"increasing":[209],"public":[210],"understanding":[211],"encouraging":[213],"communication":[214],"across":[215],"this":[216],"debate.WIREs":[218],"Clim":[219],"Change2015,":[220],"6:239\u2013254.":[221],"doi:":[222],"10.1002/wcc.332":[223],"article":[225],"categorized":[227],"under:":[228],"Perceptions,":[229],"Behavior,":[230],"Communication":[232,237],"Climate":[234,241],"Change":[235,242],">":[236,244],"Social":[238],"Status":[239],"Knowledge":[243,245],"Practice":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
