{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1494788056","doi":null,"title":"Service Offshoring, Productivity and Employment: Evidence from the US","display_name":"Service Offshoring, Productivity and Employment: Evidence from the US","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1494788056","mag":"1494788056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3123077294","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/cpr/ceprdp/5475.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068818330","display_name":"Mary Amiti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]}],"countries":["AU","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Amiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","University of Melbourne - Department of Economics","International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Trade Unit"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Trade Unit","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109848490","display_name":"Shang\u2010Jin Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-9366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-9366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang\u2010Jin Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Business School - Finance and Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Business School - Finance and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.6865000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.6865000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.2992999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-offshoring","display_name":"service offshoring","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-productivity","display_name":"manufacturing productivity","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-effects","display_name":"employment effects","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-growth","display_name":"productivity growth","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-manufacturing","display_name":"United States manufacturing","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-impact","display_name":"industry effects","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39302471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9051832","display_name":"Offshoring","level":3,"score":0.9393844604492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.8579286336898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.753198504447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.5928765535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43246008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55638","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.558533251285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4661219120025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4609878659248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.44819843769073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.43220967054367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.42307180166244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141845432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Multifactor productivity","level":4,"score":0.41087931394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.328989714384079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.26648497581481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.21124279499053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.20750465989112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.13655823469161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.10257792472839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0749163031578064}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3123077294","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/cpr/ceprdp/5475.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:5475","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=5475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490226430","https://openalex.org/W1497645217","https://openalex.org/W1498767676","https://openalex.org/W1499282593","https://openalex.org/W1504962163","https://openalex.org/W1524917602","https://openalex.org/W1536587245","https://openalex.org/W1536710182","https://openalex.org/W1599589763","https://openalex.org/W1897878592","https://openalex.org/W1981342630","https://openalex.org/W1985803388","https://openalex.org/W1991898766","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2060087920","https://openalex.org/W2106562021","https://openalex.org/W2140898166","https://openalex.org/W2146440686","https://openalex.org/W2146522627","https://openalex.org/W2156203513","https://openalex.org/W2167042016","https://openalex.org/W2168086868","https://openalex.org/W2956053138","https://openalex.org/W3122143549","https://openalex.org/W3122246741","https://openalex.org/W3124671068","https://openalex.org/W3125645571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980014218","https://openalex.org/W3123886613","https://openalex.org/W2004199823","https://openalex.org/W1582533754","https://openalex.org/W3122198485","https://openalex.org/W7095367489","https://openalex.org/W1584831967","https://openalex.org/W1836804973","https://openalex.org/W1946477193","https://openalex.org/W2117766769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"practice":[1],"of":[2,22,43,64,89,98,123],"sourcing":[3],"service":[4,48],"inputs":[5,72],"from":[6],"overseas":[7],"suppliers":[8],"has":[9,50,74],"been":[10],"growing":[11],"in":[12,26,57,132,134],"response":[13],"to":[14,38,142],"new":[15],"technologies.":[16],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"estimates":[19],"the":[20,40,58,81],"effects":[21],"offshoring":[23,49],"on":[24,55,78,104],"productivity":[25,56,65,90],"US":[27],"manufacturing":[28,112],"industries":[29,107,125,136],"between":[30],"1992":[31],"and":[32],"2000,":[33],"using":[34],"instrumental":[35],"variables":[36],"estimation":[37],"address":[39],"potential":[41],"endogeneity":[42],"offshoring.":[44],"It":[45],"finds":[46],"that":[47,127],"a":[51,75,94,102],"significant":[52],"positive":[53,76],"effect":[54,77,97],"US,":[59],"accounting":[60,85],"for":[61,86],"around":[62],"11%":[63],"growth":[66,131],"during":[67],"this":[68,115],"period.":[69],"Offshoring":[70],"material":[71],"also":[73],"productivity,":[79],"but":[80],"magnitude":[82],"is":[83,93,129],"smaller":[84],"approximately":[87],"5%":[88],"growth.":[91],"There":[92],"small":[95],"negative":[96,145],"less":[99],"than":[100],"half":[101],"percent":[103],"employment":[105],"when":[106],"are":[108],"finely":[109],"disaggregated":[110],"(450":[111],"industries).":[113],"However,":[114],"affect":[116],"disappears":[117],"at":[118],"more":[119],"aggregate":[120],"industry":[121],"level":[122],"96":[124],"indicating":[126],"there":[128],"sufficient":[130],"demand":[133],"other":[135],"within":[137],"these":[138],"broadly":[139],"defined":[140],"classifications":[141],"offset":[143],"any":[144],"effects.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
