{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1493896773","doi":null,"title":"Horizontal inequity in access to healthcare services and educational level in Spain","display_name":"Horizontal inequity in access to healthcare services and educational level in Spain","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1493896773","mag":"1493896773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gra:fegper:08/03","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ugr.es/~teoriahe/RePEc/gra/fegper/FEGWP308.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.ugr.es/~teoriahe/RePEc/gra/fegper/FEGWP308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054878218","display_name":"Roberto Montero Granados","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-2360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-2360"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Montero Granados","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-2360","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113597334","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Mart\u00edn\u2010Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-8313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-8313"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Mart\u00edn\u2010Mart\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056672234","display_name":"Juan de Dios Jim\u00e9nez Aguilera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan de Dios Jim\u00e9nez Aguilera","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.48750001192092896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.48750001192092896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.24879999458789825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.15150000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-inequity","display_name":"horizontal inequity","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slope-index-of-inequality","display_name":"slope index of inequality","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-production-function","display_name":"health production function","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-status","display_name":"health status","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease","display_name":"chronic disease","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-services","display_name":"public health services","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spain","display_name":"Spain","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.7263543605804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6463863253593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5815010666847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5717388391494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5244408249855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5053313374519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.45230603218078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4489622712135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.4212939441204071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3860914409160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.37512150406837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.35150277614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33333006501197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26566705107688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.23159286379814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19045791029930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14897507429122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gra:fegper:08/03","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ugr.es/~teoriahe/RePEc/gra/fegper/FEGWP308.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.ugr.es/~teoriahe/RePEc/gra/fegper/FEGWP308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1493896773","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/29178/1/FEGWP308.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83654547","https://openalex.org/W113605148","https://openalex.org/W233096492","https://openalex.org/W1499434641","https://openalex.org/W1504646666","https://openalex.org/W1536947766","https://openalex.org/W1540487281","https://openalex.org/W1581038100","https://openalex.org/W1596878461","https://openalex.org/W1895773601","https://openalex.org/W1941471126","https://openalex.org/W1995073962","https://openalex.org/W2020050082","https://openalex.org/W2058453285","https://openalex.org/W2068303969","https://openalex.org/W2089245286","https://openalex.org/W2095932754","https://openalex.org/W2097978211","https://openalex.org/W2104590203","https://openalex.org/W2114504287","https://openalex.org/W2118957136","https://openalex.org/W2141648516","https://openalex.org/W2152084451","https://openalex.org/W2159376553","https://openalex.org/W2166810523","https://openalex.org/W2247361259","https://openalex.org/W2476690032","https://openalex.org/W2589367814","https://openalex.org/W2797021786","https://openalex.org/W2890944180","https://openalex.org/W3022500307","https://openalex.org/W3024187649","https://openalex.org/W3123459746","https://openalex.org/W3124341479","https://openalex.org/W3124756001","https://openalex.org/W3205883147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2254551936","https://openalex.org/W2028686211","https://openalex.org/W1530604604","https://openalex.org/W1595890170","https://openalex.org/W1561670279","https://openalex.org/W2782878746","https://openalex.org/W2149534938","https://openalex.org/W1533191538","https://openalex.org/W113605148","https://openalex.org/W7000436567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121,216],"aim":[1],"of":[2,13,28,34,56,60,63,87,95,102,107,114,130,140,145,148,151,163,176,192,196,201,208,223,230,235,237,254,275,278,282,301,313,318,336,355,391,405],"this":[3],"study":[4],"is":[5,123,295,341,366],"to":[6,42,48,66,180,362,384],"measure":[7,200],"horizontal":[8,43,202,406],"equity":[9,44,407],"in":[10,16,125,158,241,292,345,394],"the":[11,38,57,61,67,84,88,100,104,108,112,131,134,138,149,159,164,193,211,228,258,261,269,309,330,353,367,371,377,388,402],"use":[12,113,139,253],"healthcare":[14,115,141,154,255,346,364,389],"services":[15,142,365],"Spain,":[17],"proposing":[18],"two":[19],"methodological":[20,40,82],"innovations.":[21],"First":[22],"by":[23,51,54,71,116,143,171,308],"defending":[24],"it":[25,47,53],"as":[26,198,210,369],"equality":[27],"access":[29,354],"for":[30,118,153,213,370],"equal":[31],"need,":[32,352],"irrespective":[33],"educational":[35,92,109,135,167,205,250,264,293,339,360,378],"level,":[36],"unlike":[37],"prevailing":[39],"approach":[41],"which":[45],"relates":[46],"income.":[49],"Second,":[50],"estimating":[52],"means":[55,144],"slope":[58,194,311],"index":[59,69,195,312],"inequality":[62,197],"characteristics,":[64],"analagous":[65],"inequity":[68],"proposed":[70,310,408],"Kakwani,":[72],"Wagstaff":[73],"and":[74,99,137,169,184,189,233,252,266,280,324,338],"van":[75],"Doorslaer":[76],"(1997;":[77],"HIWV)":[78],"but":[79],"presenting":[80],"some":[81],"advantages,":[83],"greater":[85,299,351],"robustness":[86],"data":[89,217],"available":[90],"on":[91,97,111,327],"level":[93,110,136,168,206,251,265,294,340,361,379],"than":[94],"those":[96],"income,":[98],"possibility":[101],"isolating":[103],"net":[105],"effect":[106],"controlling":[117],"other":[119,185,259],"variables.":[120],"methodology":[122],"designed":[124],"three":[126,270],"parts:":[127],"(1)":[128],"estimation":[129,162,191],"relationship":[132,165,262,333],"between":[133,166,249,263,322,334],"a":[146,173,199,221,286,298,316,358,382,392,395],"model":[147],"likelihood":[150],"demand":[152],"services,":[155],"commonly":[156],"used":[157,219,273],"literature;":[160],"(2)":[161],"health":[170,178,236,337],"approximating":[172],"production":[174],"function":[175],"individuals'":[177],"according":[179],"their":[181],"personal":[182],"characteristics":[183],"factors":[186],"conditioning":[187],"health;":[188],"(3)":[190],"inequity,":[203,306],"using":[204],"instead":[207],"income":[209],"criterion":[212],"ranking":[214],"individuals.":[215],"base":[218],"was":[220,247],"sample":[222],"55,":[224],"598":[225],"observations":[226],"from":[227,401],"Survey":[229],"disabilities,":[231],"handicaps":[232],"state":[234,335],"1999,":[238],"carried":[239],"out":[240],"Spain.":[242],"No":[243],"significant":[244,320,331],"statistical":[245],"association":[246],"found":[248],"services.":[256],"On":[257],"hand,":[260],"health,":[267,276],"with":[268,297,350,357],"proxy":[271],"variables":[272],"(perception":[274],"days":[277],"limitation":[279],"number":[281],"chronic":[283],"illnesses)":[284],"shows":[285],"positive":[287],"correlation,":[288],"i.e.":[289,329],"an":[290],"increase":[291],"associated":[296],"probability":[300],"enjoying":[302],"better":[303],"health.":[304],"Horizontal":[305],"measured":[307],"inequality,":[314],"gives":[315],"range":[317],"statistically":[319],"values":[321],"13.91%":[323],"9.40%,":[325],"depending":[326],"cases,":[328],"inverse":[332],"not":[342],"reflected":[343],"proportionally":[344],"use,":[347],"implying":[348],"that,":[349],"individuals":[356],"lower":[359],"public":[363],"same":[368],"rest.":[372],"These":[373],"results":[374],"suggest":[375],"that":[376],"may":[380],"be":[381],"variable":[383],"consider":[385],"when":[386],"characterizing":[387],"needs":[390],"population":[393],"defined":[396],"geographical":[397],"area,":[398],"at":[399],"least":[400],"normative":[403],"characterization":[404]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}