{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1493579445","doi":null,"title":"Polarization on Economic Issues over Time-A Survey of Delegates to the National Conventions","display_name":"Polarization on Economic Issues over Time-A Survey of Delegates to the National Conventions","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1493579445","mag":"1493579445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1493579445","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/polarization-on-economic-issues-over-timea-survey-of-delegates-to-the-national-conventions.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764560526","display_name":"Journal of economics and economic education research","issn_l":"1533-3590","issn":["1533-3590","1533-3604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of economics and economic education research","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003155886","display_name":"Doris Geide\u2010Stevenson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doris Geide\u2010Stevenson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084674608","display_name":"Nazneen Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazneen Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110199016","display_name":"Dan A. Fuller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan A. Fuller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15740654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"81","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partisan-polarization","display_name":"partisan polarization","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-delegates","display_name":"party delegates","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-party-conventions","display_name":"national party conventions","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-party","display_name":"Democratic Party","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/republican-party","display_name":"Republican Party","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-elites","display_name":"political elites","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"consensus","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wedge-issues","display_name":"wedge issues","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-platforms","display_name":"party platforms","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-politics","display_name":"American politics","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderates","display_name":"moderates","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-identification","display_name":"party identification","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-attitudes-over-time","display_name":"political attitudes over time","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.7698720693588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6090239882469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5850205421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5276519060134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.38346564769744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.370067298412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3592759072780609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3520345091819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32418882846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1493579445","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/polarization-on-economic-issues-over-timea-survey-of-delegates-to-the-national-conventions.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764560526","display_name":"Journal of economics and economic education research","issn_l":"1533-3590","issn":["1533-3590","1533-3604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of economics and economic education research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40048283","https://openalex.org/W1551060566","https://openalex.org/W1571296741","https://openalex.org/W1606123557","https://openalex.org/W1967946625","https://openalex.org/W1976611783","https://openalex.org/W1982860571","https://openalex.org/W2003975622","https://openalex.org/W2027565120","https://openalex.org/W2041662795","https://openalex.org/W2067224509","https://openalex.org/W2092597424","https://openalex.org/W2159251310","https://openalex.org/W2330748373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396037482","https://openalex.org/W3190562641","https://openalex.org/W2185262392","https://openalex.org/W2287520417","https://openalex.org/W4412073635","https://openalex.org/W6921790859","https://openalex.org/W179631287","https://openalex.org/W3098854405","https://openalex.org/W2113496863","https://openalex.org/W2270489864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACTWe":[0],"ask":[1,45],"whether":[2,47],"partisan":[3],"polarization":[4,162,189,203,285,335,372,379],"on":[5,16,184,260,286,290,348,358,375,568,586,612],"economic":[6,59,170,261,287,294,359,376],"issues":[7,228,288,360,544],"has":[8],"increased":[9],"over":[10],"time":[11,67,328],"among":[12,112,128,460,475,610],"political":[13,80,176,350],"elites.":[14],"Based":[15],"survey":[17,149,323],"results":[18,83,150,155,324],"of":[19,26,41,58,73,87,100,110,126,153,173,188,199,213,293,318,334,352,371,383,413,418,429,438,444,447,458,473,492,502,516,529,536,552,572,615],"party":[20,258,353],"delegates":[21,46,301],"to":[22,96,104,116,132,169,222,240,265,297,302,321,345,409,434,509,559],"the":[23,27,71,78,108,124,147,154,160,174,179,185,211,224,303,310,331,349,368,386,395,403,411,416,436,445,455,470,500,550,569,573],"national":[24,304],"conventions":[25,305],"Democratic":[28,92,298],"and":[29,35,76,91,141,192,201,234,245,253,279,299,314,362,477,494,518,533,547,554,566,599,602,604],"Republican":[30,90,300],"parties":[31],"in":[32,64,107,123,178,215,232,309,336,420,449,467,484,499,513,582],"1992,":[33,157,312],"2000":[34,95,115,140,476],"2008,":[36],"we":[37,69,135,143,389],"construct":[38,390],"various":[39],"measures":[40,392],"consensus.":[42],"The":[43,316,400,423,540],"surveys":[44,340],"they":[48],"agree,":[49],"agree":[50],"with":[51,55,167,210],"proviso":[52],"or":[53,229,267,415],"disagree":[54],"a":[56,85,121,197,291,337,381,426,613],"number":[57,614],"propositions.":[60,617],"For":[61],"propositions":[62,295,532],"common":[63],"all":[65],"three":[66,326],"periods,":[68],"compare":[70,322],"level":[72,109,125,446,457],"consensus":[74,111,127,414,448,459,472,609],"within":[75],"between":[77,89,139,190,385,545],"two":[79,387,391],"parties.":[81],"Our":[82],"suggest":[84],"divergence":[86,99,382],"opinion":[88,101,384,419,474],"delegations":[93],"from":[94,114,130,156,325],"2009.":[97],"This":[98,365],"is":[102,163,276,407,432,463,480],"due":[103],"an":[105,442,561],"increase":[106],"Republicans":[113,191,462,495,505,546,565],"2009":[117,148,461,478,504,524],"but":[118,355],"mitigated":[119],"by":[120,373,590,596],"decrease":[122],"Democrats":[129,479,493,525,548,567],"1992":[131,511],"2000.":[133,468],"While":[134],"confirm":[136],"diverging":[137],"opinions":[138,491],"2009,":[142],"also":[144,487,557],"find":[145,488],"that":[146,159,257,275,393,454,489],"mirror":[151],"some":[152],"suggesting":[158],"current":[161,175,332],"not":[164],"historically":[165],"unique":[166],"respect":[168],"issues.INTRODUCTIONMedia":[171],"accounts":[172,195],"climate":[177],"United":[180],"States":[181],"often":[182],"focus":[183,357],"high":[186],"degree":[187,412],"Democrats.":[193],"Such":[194],"describe":[196],"trend":[198],"relentless":[200],"vitriolic":[202],"(Martin,":[204],"2010;":[205],"Economist,":[206],"Feb.":[207],"2010)":[208],"along":[209],"death":[212],"moderates":[214],"American":[216],"government":[217],"(Beinart,":[218],"2010).":[219],"In":[220],"trying":[221],"explain":[223],"apparent":[225],"polarization,":[226],"wedge":[227],"views":[230],"founded":[231],"religious":[233,266],"moral":[235],"values":[236],"have":[237,341],"been":[238,342],"found":[239],"be":[241,560],"important":[242],"(Glaeser,":[243],"Ponzetto":[244,252],"Shapiro,":[246],"2005,":[247],"Layman,":[248],"1999).":[249],"However,":[250],"Glaeser,":[251],"Shapiro":[254],"(2005)":[255],"note":[256],"platforms":[259],"issues,":[262,269],"as":[263,380,439,441],"opposed":[264],"cultural":[268],"are":[270,496],"less":[271],"polarized":[272],"citing":[273],"language":[274],"quite":[277],"moderate":[278],"similar":[280,508],"across":[281],"platforms.This":[282],"paper":[283,366,584],"explores":[284],"based":[289],"set":[292],"distributed":[296],"preceding":[306],"presidential":[307],"elections":[308],"years":[311],"2000,":[313],"2008.":[315],"benefit":[317],"being":[319],"able":[320],"different":[327],"periods":[329],"puts":[330],"discussions":[333,370],"larger":[338],"context.Delegate":[339],"used":[343,408,433],"regularly":[344],"gather":[346],"information":[347],"perspectives":[351],"elites":[354],"infrequently":[356],"(Miller":[361],"Jennings,":[363],"1992).":[364],"amends":[367],"existing":[369],"focusing":[374],"issues.":[377],"Defining":[378],"parties,":[388],"provide":[394],"substance":[396],"for":[397],"our":[398],"study.":[399],"first":[401],"measure,":[402,425],"relative":[404],"entropy":[405],"index,":[406],"indicate":[410,453],"convergence":[417],"each":[421,450],"party.":[422,451],"second":[424],"conditional":[427],"measure":[428,435],"broad":[430],"agreement,":[431],"direction":[437],"well":[440],"indicator":[443],"Results":[452],"average":[456,471],"significantly":[464,481],"higher":[465],"than":[466,483],"Conversely,":[469],"lower":[482],"1992.":[485],"We":[486],"while":[490],"somewhat":[497],"fluid":[498],"area":[501],"macroeconomics,":[503],"appear":[506,526],"more":[507,534],"their":[510,514],"counterparts":[512],"embrace":[515],"monetarist":[517],"supply":[519,530],"side":[520,531,571],"views.":[521],"By":[522],"contrast,":[523],"increasingly":[527],"skeptical":[528],"supportive":[535],"activist":[537],"fiscal":[538],"policy.":[539],"most":[541],"enduring":[542],"divisive":[543],"involve":[549],"distribution":[551],"income":[553],"regulation.":[555],"Immigration":[556],"appears":[558],"issue":[562],"which":[563],"finds":[564],"opposite":[570],"fence.METHODOLOGY,":[574],"SAMPLE,":[575],"AND":[576],"MEASURES":[577],"OF":[578],"CONSENSUSThe":[579],"methodology":[580],"employed":[581],"this":[583],"relies":[585],"work":[587],"originally":[588],"done":[589],"Kearl":[591,598],"et":[592],"al.":[593],"(1979),":[594],"continued":[595],"Alston,":[597],"Vaughan":[600],"(1992),":[601],"Fuller":[603],"Geide-Stevenson":[605],"(2003),":[606],"who":[607],"study":[608],"economists":[611],"economics":[616],"\u2026":[618]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
