{"id":"https://openalex.org/W149287402","doi":null,"title":"Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","display_name":"Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W149287402","mag":"149287402","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8590570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8590570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8590570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European respiratory journal. Supplement","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/151420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062153423","display_name":"Stewart Thomas Cole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-5585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-5585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157536573","display_name":"Institut Pasteur","ror":"https://ror.org/0495fxg12","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S T Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire Bact\u00e9rienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire Bact\u00e9rienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066398751","display_name":"Amalio Telenti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-7677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-7677"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Telenti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":169,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"701s","last_page":"713s"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistance","display_name":"drug resistance","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis","display_name":"multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-resurgence","display_name":"tuberculosis resurgence","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aids","display_name":"AIDS","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-transmission","display_name":"nosocomial transmission","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-epidemiology","display_name":"molecular epidemiology","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-control","display_name":"tuberculosis control","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.7713854908943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.6602966785430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6066884994506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.550830602645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.5379671454429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5004861354827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4013328552246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3869713544845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38316810131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3535548448562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3412349224090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.23445558547973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.1403489112854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.10987219214439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0747862160205841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000995","descriptor_name":"Antitubercular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012293","descriptor_name":"Rifampin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017088","descriptor_name":"AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017088","descriptor_name":"AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018088","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018088","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018432","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Multiple","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8590570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8590570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European respiratory journal. Supplement","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:151420","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/151420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:151420","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/151420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unil.ch:iris/211584","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/211584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055444","display_name":"IRIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"review article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_64895585D05C","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_64895585D05C","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401797","display_name":"SERVAL (Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210093590","host_organization_name":"Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Respiratory Journal. Supplement, vol. 20, pp. 701s-713s","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"},{"id":"mag:149287402","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8590570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:151420","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/151420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098373054","https://openalex.org/W3103146842","https://openalex.org/W1971551618","https://openalex.org/W2410487698","https://openalex.org/W1010263305","https://openalex.org/W2171863168","https://openalex.org/W2371648145","https://openalex.org/W7052343930","https://openalex.org/W1980304069","https://openalex.org/W3126821993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,11,32,54,63,77,83,91,111,114,118],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"there":[4],"has":[5,61,101],"been":[6,62,102],"a":[7,105,125],"marked":[8],"increase":[9],"in":[10,19,23,28,104,109],"number":[12,126],"of":[13,15,53,58,69,72,82,93,121,127],"gravity":[14],"tuberculosis":[16,137],"cases":[17],"both":[18],"developing":[20],"countries":[21],"and":[22,45,66,117,138],"industrialized":[24],"nations.":[25],"This":[26],"is,":[27],"part,":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,134,139],"acquired":[33],"immune":[34],"deficiency":[35],"syndrome":[36],"(AIDS)":[37],"pandemic,":[38],"but":[39],"global":[40],"economic":[41],"depression,":[42],"increased":[43],"homelessness":[44],"declining":[46],"control":[47],"programmes":[48],"have":[49],"also":[50],"contributed.":[51],"One":[52],"more":[55],"insidious":[56],"consequences":[57],"this":[59,96],"resurgence":[60],"recent":[64],"emergence":[65],"nosocomial":[67],"transmission":[68],"multidrug-resistant":[70],"strains":[71],"Mycobacterium":[73],"tuberculosis,":[74],"thus":[75],"raising":[76],"possibility":[78],"that":[79],"untreatable":[80],"forms":[81],"disease":[84],"may":[85],"become":[86],"widespread.":[87],"Somewhat":[88],"surprisingly,":[89],"given":[90],"difficulties":[92],"working":[94],"with":[95],"slow-growing":[97],"pathogen,":[98],"remarkable":[99],"progress":[100],"made":[103],"relatively":[106],"short":[107],"time,":[108],"understanding":[110],"molecular":[112,129],"epidemiology,":[113],"genetic":[115],"basis,":[116],"biochemical":[119],"mechanisms":[120],"drug":[122],"resistance.":[123],"Furthermore,":[124],"promising":[128],"tools":[130],"are":[131],"now":[132],"available":[133],"help":[135],"counter":[136],"further":[140],"understanding.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
