{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1492008397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194","title":"Climatic, environmental and fire behaviour class verification on dry-type transformers; KEMA laboratories testing","display_name":"Climatic, environmental and fire behaviour class verification on dry-type transformers; KEMA laboratories testing","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1492008397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194","mag":"1492008397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088421","display_name":"Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024220431","display_name":"Sjoerd Smeenk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155617960","display_name":"Kema International (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/027b0sp52","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155617960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087396","display_name":"DNV (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/004r4ve77","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188703460","https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sjoerd Smeenk","raw_affiliation_strings":["DNV GL, Inspections & Certification, Arnhem, The Netherlands","DNV GL, KEMA laboratories, Testing, Inspections & Certification, Utrechtseweg 310, 6812 AR Arnhem, the Netherlands, Arnhem, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV GL, Inspections & Certification, Arnhem, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV GL, KEMA laboratories, Testing, Inspections & Certification, Utrechtseweg 310, 6812 AR Arnhem, the Netherlands, Arnhem, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155617960","https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000878047","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Lathouwers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-6171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-6171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155617960","display_name":"Kema International (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/027b0sp52","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155617960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087396","display_name":"DNV (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/004r4ve77","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188703460","https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Lathouwers","raw_affiliation_strings":["DNV GL, Inspections & Certification, Arnhem, The Netherlands","DNV GL, KEMA laboratories, Testing, Inspections & Certification, Utrechtseweg 310, 6812 AR Arnhem, the Netherlands, Arnhem, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV GL, Inspections & Certification, Arnhem, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV GL, KEMA laboratories, Testing, Inspections & Certification, Utrechtseweg 310, 6812 AR Arnhem, the Netherlands, Arnhem, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155617960","https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001768784","display_name":"R.P.P. Smeets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-2858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-2858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155617960","display_name":"Kema International (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/027b0sp52","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155617960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087396","display_name":"DNV (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/004r4ve77","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188703460","https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rene Smeets","raw_affiliation_strings":["DNV GL, Inspections & Certification, Arnhem, The Netherlands","DNV GL, KEMA laboratories, Testing, Inspections & Certification, Utrechtseweg 310, 6812 AR Arnhem, the Netherlands, Arnhem, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV GL, Inspections & Certification, Arnhem, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV GL, KEMA laboratories, Testing, Inspections & Certification, Utrechtseweg 310, 6812 AR Arnhem, the Netherlands, Arnhem, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155617960","https://openalex.org/I4210087396"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069276149","display_name":"Luo YanSong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo YanSong","raw_affiliation_strings":["DNV GL, Inspection & Certification, Shanghai, P.R. China","DNV GL, KEMA laboratories, Testing, Inspection & Certification, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV GL, Inspection & Certification, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV GL, KEMA laboratories, Testing, Inspection & Certification, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00908033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-type-transformers","display_name":"dry-type transformers","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-shock-test","display_name":"thermal shock testing","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flashover","display_name":"flashover","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-transformers","display_name":"distribution transformers","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-assurance","display_name":"quality assurance","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117323899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907989","display_name":"Distribution transformer","level":4,"score":0.5966920256614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5927335619926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5433160066604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4604080617427826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35381340980529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30244237184524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23731845617294312}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088421","display_name":"Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2758696533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351746619","https://openalex.org/W2360791592","https://openalex.org/W2356779032","https://openalex.org/W2005535444","https://openalex.org/W2377483070","https://openalex.org/W2796460474","https://openalex.org/W2376932965","https://openalex.org/W2380042188","https://openalex.org/W6904093371","https://openalex.org/W4251441204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transformers":[0],"belong":[1],"to":[2,17,33,49,113,132,175,236,253,292,304],"the":[3,24,29,63,80,140,149,160,167,179,182,194,201,228,231,240,270,294,307,313,316,326,359,362],"crucial":[4],"components":[5],"in":[6,62,216,227,296],"distribution":[7,248],"and":[8,39,55,72,100,190,224,288,329,334,338,342,352],"transmission":[9],"networks.":[10],"Reliable":[11],"use":[12],"for":[13,44,98,108,155,258,332],"many":[14,244],"years":[15],"needs":[16],"be":[18,133,176,281,323],"guaranteed.":[19],"Besides":[20],"quality":[21,360],"assurance":[22],"of":[23,79,83,142,162,181,200,209,260,264,306,315,356,361],"manufacturer":[25],"type":[26],"testing":[27,96,327],"is":[28,131,139,159,169,174,212],"most":[30,136,152],"common":[31,137],"way":[32],"prove":[34,50],"this":[35],"reliability":[36],"under":[37],"normal":[38],"extreme":[40],"conditions.":[41],"In":[42,104,239,283],"addition,":[43],"dry-type":[45,84,247,357],"transformers,":[46],"special":[47,348],"tests":[48,345,349],"climatic":[51],"(C),":[52],"environmental":[53,341],"(E)":[54],"fire":[56,215,343],"behaviour":[57,344],"(F)":[58],"class":[59,102,110,125,157,203],"are":[60,76,185,346],"defined":[61],"international":[64],"standard":[65],"IEC":[66,274],"60076-11.":[67],"End":[68],"users,":[69],"e.g.":[70],"utilities":[71,351],"wind":[73],"turbine":[74],"manufacturers,":[75],"demanding":[77],"proof":[78],"claimed":[81],"qualities":[82],"transformers":[85,195,249,358],"increasingly.":[86],"The":[87,135,151],"independent":[88],"KEMA":[89,114],"laboratories,":[90],"owned":[91],"by":[92],"DNV-GL,":[93],"gained":[94],"large":[95],"experience":[97,119],"C":[99,124],"E":[101],"verification.":[103],"2013":[105],"also":[106],"verification":[107,158,259],"F":[109,202],"was":[111],"added":[112],"laboratories":[115],"portfolio,":[116],"where":[117,166],"now":[118],"has":[120],"been":[121],"built-up.":[122],"For":[123],"verification,":[126,204],"a":[127,163,205,210,217],"thermal":[128],"shock":[129],"test":[130,218,299],"performed.":[134],"failure":[138,305],"appearance":[141],"cracks,":[143],"found":[144],"during":[145],"visual":[146],"inspection":[147],"after":[148],"test.":[150],"important":[153,347],"part":[154,199],"E2":[156],"performance":[161],"condensation":[164,173],"test,":[165],"transformer":[168,211],"energized":[170],"while":[171],"salt":[172],"present":[177],"on":[178,214,325],"surfaces":[180],"object.":[183,308],"Failures":[184],"flashovers":[186],"causing":[187],"voltage":[188],"breakdowns":[189],"serious":[191],"tracking":[192],"degrading":[193],"dielectric":[196],"qualities.":[197],"As":[198],"complete":[206],"assembled":[207],"phase":[208],"set":[213],"chamber":[219],"equipped":[220],"with":[221],"air":[222],"inlet":[223],"chimney.":[225],"Temperatures":[226],"chimney":[229],"above":[230,317],"allowed":[232],"limits":[233],"will":[234,311,322],"lead":[235],"unsuccessful":[237],"results.":[238],"last":[241],"five":[242],"years,":[243],"(>":[245,268],"40)":[246],"(power":[250],"range":[251],"up":[252],"3,5":[254],"MVA)":[255],"were":[256,290,301],"tested":[257],"one":[261],"or":[262],"more":[263],"these":[265],"classes.":[266],"Often":[267],"50%)":[269],"requirements":[271],"as":[272],"per":[273],"60076-11":[275],"and/or":[276],"clients":[277],"specifications":[278],"could":[279],"not":[280],"met.":[282],"some":[284],"cases":[285,298],"design":[286],"changes":[287],"retests":[289],"required":[291,331],"meet":[293],"requirements,":[295],"other":[297,353],"programs":[300],"stopped":[302],"due":[303],"This":[309],"paper":[310],"explain":[312],"importance":[314],"mentioned":[318],"tests.":[319],"Also":[320],"explanation":[321],"given":[324],"methods":[328],"procedures":[330],"reliable":[333],"reproducible":[335],"tests,":[336],"results":[337],"conclusions.":[339],"Climatic,":[340],"proving":[350],"end":[354],"users":[355],"product.":[363]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
