{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1491362860","doi":null,"title":"Brain-Controlled Robots","display_name":"Brain-Controlled Robots","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1491362860","mag":"1491362860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.175.5216","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.175.5216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.idiap.ch/ftp/reports/2008/millan_2008_is.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050363894","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 del R. Mill\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-1522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-1522"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 del R. Mill\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-1522","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050363894"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5021,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79145739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"74","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-computer-interface","display_name":"brain-computer interface","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"EEG","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-neural-recording","display_name":"invasive neural recording","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-cortex","display_name":"motor cortex","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premotor-cortex","display_name":"premotor cortex","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-parietal-cortex","display_name":"posterior parietal cortex","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-ensembles","display_name":"neuronal ensembles","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"motor control","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostheses","display_name":"prosthesis","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7886887788772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7820187211036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7036455273628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6453866362571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197525751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431093","display_name":"Neuroprosthetics","level":2,"score":0.5794780254364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.5629758238792419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4908235967159271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44015246629714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778515351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9622","display_name":"Scalp","level":2,"score":0.43809863924980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38217636942863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18557319045066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1195937991142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.175.5216","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.175.5216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.idiap.ch/ftp/reports/2008/millan_2008_is.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1491362860","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.idiap.ch/downloads/reports/2008/millan_2008_is.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114241109","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"1541-1672","issn":["1541-1672","1941-1294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544543370","https://openalex.org/W1568849064","https://openalex.org/W1570780293","https://openalex.org/W1977448660","https://openalex.org/W2041248708","https://openalex.org/W2051932554","https://openalex.org/W2140413964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507611906","https://openalex.org/W4296442409","https://openalex.org/W7097135423","https://openalex.org/W4416300200","https://openalex.org/W7099715444","https://openalex.org/W2750878224","https://openalex.org/W3127408174","https://openalex.org/W598789640","https://openalex.org/W6920858531","https://openalex.org/W2052987411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81,167],"idea":[1],"of":[2,21,57,113,119,170,177,179],"moving":[3],"robots":[4,62],"or":[5],"prosthetic":[6],"devices":[7],"not":[8],"by":[9,13,111],"manual":[10],"control,":[11],"but":[12,32],"mere":[14],"\u201cthinking":[15],"\u201d":[16],"(i.e.,":[17],"the":[18,28,42,58,78,116,120,142,156,165,171,174,198],"brain":[19,79,158],"activity":[20,72,159,176],"human":[22],"subjects)":[23],"has":[24,90],"fascinated":[25],"researchers":[26],"for":[27,60,83],"last":[29],"30":[30],"years,":[31],"it":[33,89,130],"is":[34,87,131,173],"only":[35],"now":[36],"that":[37,67,88,94],"first":[38],"experiments":[39],"have":[40],"shown":[41,93],"possibility":[43],"to":[44,52,98,133,137,195],"do":[45],"so.":[46],"How":[47],"can":[48],"brainwaves":[49],"be":[50],"used":[51],"directly":[53],"control":[54],"robots?":[55],"Most":[56,146],"hope":[59],"braincontrolled":[61],"comes":[63],"from":[64,74,161,186],"invasive":[65,85],"approaches":[66,86,136],"provide":[68],"detailed":[69],"single":[70],"neuron":[71],"recorded":[73,160],"microelectrodes":[75],"implanted":[76],"in":[77,105,115],"[1].":[80],"motivation":[82],"these":[84],"been":[91],"widely":[92],"motor":[95,117],"parameters":[96],"related":[97],"hand":[99],"and":[100,108,123,141,191],"arm":[101],"movements":[102],"are":[103],"encoded":[104],"a":[106,187,201],"distributed":[107],"redundant":[109],"way":[110],"ensembles":[112],"neurons":[114],"system":[118],"brain\u2014motor,":[121],"premotor":[122],"posterior":[124],"parietal":[125],"cortex.":[126],"For":[127],"humans,":[128],"however,":[129],"preferable":[132],"use":[134,151],"non-invasive":[135,147],"avoid":[138],"health":[139],"risks":[140],"associated":[143],"ethical":[144],"concerns.":[145],"brain-computer":[148],"interfaces":[149],"(BCI)":[150],"electroencephalogram":[152],"(EEG)":[153],"signals;":[154],"i.e.,":[155],"electrical":[157],"electrodes":[162],"placed":[163],"on":[164,197],"scalp.":[166,199],"main":[168],"source":[169],"EEG":[172,183],"synchronous":[175],"thousands":[178],"cortical":[180],"neurons.":[181],"Thus,":[182],"signals":[184],"suffer":[185],"reduced":[188],"spatial":[189],"resolution":[190],"increased":[192],"noise":[193],"due":[194],"measurements":[196],"As":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
