{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1490926409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","title":"Computers and Productivity in France: Some Evidence","display_name":"Computers and Productivity in France: Some Evidence","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1490926409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","mag":"1490926409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w5836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062204581","display_name":"Nathalie Greenan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-1267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-1267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339876250","display_name":"Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques","ror":"https://ror.org/03v6yxf25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339876250"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathalie Greenan","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSEE-DSE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEE-DSE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339876250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110578541","display_name":"Jacques Mairesse B","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-5009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-5009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339876250","display_name":"Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques","ror":"https://ror.org/03v6yxf25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339876250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802557195","display_name":"United Nations University \u2013 Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/053zwxr79","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802557195","https://openalex.org/I34352273","https://openalex.org/I4210104502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137396","display_name":"Centre de Recherche en \u00c9conomie et Statistique","ror":"https://ror.org/0449khs19","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I4210108488","https://openalex.org/I4210137396","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210150854","https://openalex.org/I84009706"]}],"countries":["FR","NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Mairesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maastricht University - United Nations and Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT)","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) - Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht University - United Nations and Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802557195","https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) - Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339876250","https://openalex.org/I4210137396"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"275","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.8734999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.8734999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.02930000051856041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-use","display_name":"computer use","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-productivity","display_name":"firm productivity","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returns-to-capital","display_name":"returns to capital","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-industry","display_name":"manufacturing industry","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-sector","display_name":"service sector","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-intensity","display_name":"capital intensity","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wages","display_name":"wages","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/france","display_name":"France","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7917596101760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.35597753524780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.16978144645690918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":12,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w5836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02104890v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02104890v1/file/w5836_96.pdf","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02104890v1/file/w5836_96.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2006, 9 (3), pp.275-315. &#x27E8;10.1080/10438590000000011&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:5836","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w5836.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w5836.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007764751","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://papers.nber.org/papers/w5836.pdf","pdf_url":"http://papers.nber.org/papers/w5836.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:267917","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267917","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:1490926409","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/nber_w5836.pdf?abstractid=225622&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02104890","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02104890v1/document","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/5085592","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Computers_and_Productivity_in_France_Some_Evidence/5085592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.267917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.26180/5085592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26180/5085592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26180/5085592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052105","display_name":"Monash University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.26180/5085592.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26180/5085592.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26180/5085592.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052105","display_name":"Monash University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.4225/03/5937997a1d605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4225/03/5937997a1d605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4225/03/5937997a1d605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052105","display_name":"Monash University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w5836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w5836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6399999856948853}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1490926409.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122241369","https://openalex.org/W7043021757","https://openalex.org/W1576721457","https://openalex.org/W4381550295","https://openalex.org/W1593022943","https://openalex.org/W1541818448","https://openalex.org/W2082087326","https://openalex.org/W7097013967","https://openalex.org/W352429041","https://openalex.org/W7099508033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,110,163],"make":[4,164],"a":[5],"first":[6],"attempt":[7],"to":[8,88,129,143],"explore":[9],"the":[10,30,35,39,57,63,75,117,127,130,137,141,144,153,165,172],"relationship":[11],"between":[12],"computer":[13,27,84,97,118],"use":[14,85],"and":[15,20,43,52,92,113,125,162,177],"productivity":[16,121],"in":[17,29,38,77,105,136,156],"French":[18],"manufacturing":[19],"services":[21],"industries.":[22],"We":[23,149],"match":[24],"information":[25,46,182],"on":[26,47,62,120],"utilization":[28],"work":[31],"place":[32],"collected":[33,183],"at":[34,56,133],"employee":[36],"level":[37],"years":[40],"1987,":[41],"1991":[42],"1993,":[44],"with":[45],"firm":[48,58,83,131,173],"productivity,":[49],"capital":[50],"intensity":[51],"average":[53],"wage":[54],"available":[55],"level.":[59],"Being":[60],"based":[61],"answers":[64],"of":[65,74,82,96,147,171,190],"very":[66,188],"few":[67,189],"interviewed":[68],"employees":[69],"(only":[70],"one":[71],"for":[72],"75%":[73],"firms":[76],"our":[78,80,94],"samples),":[79],"measure":[81],"is":[86],"subject":[87],"important":[89],"sampling":[90,154],"errors,":[91],"hence":[93],"estimates":[95],"impacts":[98,119],"are":[99,122,192],"largely":[100],"affected":[101],"by":[102,180],"random":[103],"errors":[104,155],"variables":[106],"downward":[107],"biases.":[108],"Nonetheless":[109],"find":[111],"coherent":[112],"persuasive":[114],"evidence":[115],"that":[116,126,152,168],"indeed":[123],"positive":[124],"returns":[128,142],"should":[132],"least":[134],"be":[135,160,175],"same":[138],"range":[139],"as":[140],"other":[145],"types":[146],"capital.":[148],"also":[150],"show":[151],"measurement":[157],"biases":[158],"can":[159,174],"assessed,":[161],"general":[166],"point":[167],"econometric":[169],"studies":[170],"effectively":[176],"substantially":[178],"enriched":[179],"using":[181],"from":[184],"workers,":[185],"even":[186],"if":[187],"them":[191],"surveyed":[193],"per":[194],"firm.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
