{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1490895037","doi":null,"title":"Islamic Science, Modern Science, and Post-Modernity Towards a New Synthesis Through a Tawhidic Epistemology","display_name":"Islamic Science, Modern Science, and Post-Modernity Towards a New Synthesis Through a Tawhidic Epistemology","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1490895037","mag":"1490895037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1490895037","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iium.edu.my/revival/index.php/revival/article/view/36","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Revelation and Science","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083603377","display_name":"Osman Bakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3112-0799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3112-0799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bakar Osman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083603377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15893496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"03","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.774399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.774399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.09610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12998","display_name":"Education and Islamic Studies","score":0.04170000180602074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-science","display_name":"Islamic science","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-science","display_name":"modern science","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmodern-science","display_name":"postmodern science","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tawhid","display_name":"tawhid","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-epistemology","display_name":"Islamic epistemology","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-synthesis","display_name":"knowledge synthesis","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qur-anic-worldview","display_name":"Qur'anic worldview","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beyond-the-standard-model","display_name":"beyond the Standard Model","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-civilization","display_name":"Islamic civilization","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-culture","display_name":"scientific culture","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critique-of-modern-science","display_name":"critique of modern science","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critique-of-postmodernity","display_name":"critique of postmodernity","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Islamic philosophy of science","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.8419046401977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122302079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432","display_name":"Civilization","level":2,"score":0.7768876552581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778682666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11084414","display_name":"Modernity","level":2,"score":0.5930240750312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5473865866661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.4475918710231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.44415906071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778154381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105296908","display_name":"Ingenuity","level":2,"score":0.440208375453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.36708658933639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.335132360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2619051933288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20499250292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.10166874527931213}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1490895037","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iium.edu.my/revival/index.php/revival/article/view/36","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Revelation and Science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540411268","https://openalex.org/W7220532989","https://openalex.org/W3084021005","https://openalex.org/W3111340056","https://openalex.org/W632734605","https://openalex.org/W646549981","https://openalex.org/W2976347686","https://openalex.org/W3181453020","https://openalex.org/W4401316401","https://openalex.org/W235344003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthesis":[0],"of":[1,6,14,24,29,32,41,62,128,247,279,285,289,299,310,324,344,360,372,418,441,446,480,487],"ideas":[2,419],"in":[3,17,52,71,75,115,144,150,171,240,321,369,421,454,477,484,507],"all":[4,42,361],"sectors":[5],"human":[7,15,202,384],"life":[8],"and":[9,54,67,92,94,96,107,113,118,132,136,163,165,168,174,190,198,224,234,253,292,305,317,326,403,426,452,496],"thought":[10],"\u2013":[11,19,219,398,405,461],"that":[12,251,341],"is,":[13],"civilization":[16,48,100],"general":[18],"is":[20,50,101,122,142,160,181,437],"the":[21,25,30,63,72,103,126,178,200,208,230,235,241,259,272,286,296,300,311,331,339,342,363,370,383,406,422,438,485,505,509],"very":[22],"basis":[23],"existence":[26],"(raison":[27],"etre)":[28],"religion":[31],"Islam.":[33],"Islam":[34,58,227],"has":[35,347,356],"been":[36,337,357],"revealed":[37,81],"as":[38,109,111],"a":[39,46,60,151,187,191,245,283,388,412,416,474],"synthesis":[40,61,417,436,447],"religions.":[43],"It":[44],"created":[45,59],"new":[47,173,188,192,389,413,510],"which":[49,276,374,499],"synthetic":[51],"spirit":[53],"ingenuity.":[55],"In":[56,204,258],"civilization-building":[57],"principles,":[64],"ideals,":[65],"values,":[66],"positive":[68],"achievements":[69],"embodied":[70,420],"previous":[73],"civilizations":[74],"conformity":[76],"with":[77],"its":[78,116,129,133,145,156,303,314,318,378],"own":[79],"divinely":[80],"tawhidic":[82,86,501],"character.":[83],"To":[84],"be":[85,89,149,269,450],"means":[87,497],"to":[88,154,185,212,216,268,349,377,386,410,449,493],"both":[90,161,166,195],"universal":[91,106,162],"inclusive":[93,112,167],"particular":[95,108,164],"exclusive.":[97,169],"Consequently,":[98],"Islamic":[99,140,220,256,265,399,444],"at":[102,125],"same":[104],"time":[105],"well":[110],"exclusive":[114],"nature":[117],"characteristics.":[119],"This":[120,490],"truth":[121],"clearly":[123],"reflected":[124],"level":[127],"scientific":[130,134,193,238,254,297,354],"culture":[131,194,239,255],"pursuits":[135,323],"practices.":[137,306],"When":[138],"traditional":[139],"science":[141,189,233,252,266,275,291,346,414],"understood":[143,451],"entirety":[146],"we":[147,249],"would":[148,381],"good":[152],"position":[153],"see":[155],"mixed":[157],"traits:":[158],"it":[159],"Now":[170],"this":[172,206,435,470,478],"challenging":[175],"twenty-first":[176],"century":[177,333],"global":[179,209],"ummah":[180,210,301,312,407,506],"again":[182],"called":[183],"upon":[184],"create":[186],"for":[196,199,434],"itself":[197],"whole":[201,242],"community.":[203],"undertaking":[205],"task":[207],"needs":[211,448],"pay":[213],"due":[214],"attention":[215],"three":[217,396,423],"things":[218,397],"science,":[221,223,400,402],"modern":[222,274,290,345,353,401],"postmodern":[225],"science.":[226,257,390],"once":[228],"produced":[229],"most":[231,236,359,429],"advanced":[232],"brilliant":[237],"world.":[243],"As":[244,282],"matter":[246],"principle,":[248],"call":[250],"last":[260],"two":[261],"centuries":[262],"or":[263],"so":[264],"came":[267],"eclipsed":[270],"by":[271,362,498],"so-called":[273],"was":[277,472],"largely":[278],"Western":[280,334],"inspiration.":[281],"result":[284],"powerful":[287],"influence":[288],"various":[293],"other":[294],"factors,":[295],"community":[298,385],"embraced":[302,313],"philosophy":[304,316],"The":[307,352,428,443],"ruling":[308],"elites":[309],"practical":[315],"technological":[319],"fruits":[320],"their":[322],"material":[325],"economic":[327],"developments.":[328],"However,":[329],"since":[330],"mid-twentieth":[332],"intellectuals":[335],"have":[336],"telling":[338],"world":[340],"age":[343],"come":[348],"an":[350],"end.":[351],"worldview":[355],"shattered":[358],"\u201cnew":[364],"physics.\u201d":[365],"We":[366],"are":[367],"now":[368],"era":[371],"post-modernity":[373,404],"if":[375],"pursued":[376],"logical":[379],"conclusion":[380],"require":[382],"cultivate":[387],"After":[391],"taking":[392],"into":[393],"consideration":[394],"these":[395],"must":[408],"work":[409],"produce":[411],"through":[415],"intellectual":[424,431],"cultures":[425],"worldviews.":[427],"important":[430],"tool":[432],"needed":[433],"Qur\u2019anic":[439],"principle":[440],"tawhid.":[442],"tradition":[445,479],"revived":[453],"our":[455],"times.":[456],"Ibn":[457],"al-Haytham":[458],"(c.":[459],"965":[460],"c.":[462],"1040)":[463],"whose":[464],"first":[465],"millennial":[466],"anniversary":[467],"partly":[468],"inspires":[469],"conference":[471],"himself":[473],"major":[475],"figure":[476],"synthesis,":[481],"more":[482],"precisely":[483],"field":[486],"mathematical":[488],"physics.":[489],"paper":[491],"seeks":[492],"suggest":[494],"ways":[495],"Islam\u2019s":[500],"epistemology":[502],"can":[503],"help":[504],"producing":[508],"synthesis.":[511]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}