{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1490740136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12070","title":"Hunger games: or how the A llied blockade in the F irst W orld W ar deprived G erman children of nutrition, and A llied food aid subsequently saved them","display_name":"Hunger games: or how the A llied blockade in the F irst W orld W ar deprived G erman children of nutrition, and A llied food aid subsequently saved them","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1490740136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12070","mag":"1490740136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/ehr.12070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165492527","display_name":"The Economic History Review","issn_l":"0013-0117","issn":["0013-0117","1468-0289"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030426739","display_name":"Mary Elisabeth Cox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mary Elisabeth Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["All Souls College, Oxford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All Souls College, Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030426739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98557545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"2","first_page":"600","last_page":"631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.5238999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.5238999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.46459999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12645","display_name":"European history and politics","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-i","display_name":"World War I","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-malnutrition","display_name":"child malnutrition","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-nutrition","display_name":"child nutrition","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/height-and-weight","display_name":"height and weight","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-class","display_name":"social class","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-class-children","display_name":"working-class children","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-aid","display_name":"food aid","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-conflict-reconstruction","display_name":"post-conflict reconstruction","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civilian-food-supply","display_name":"civilian food supply","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.828355610370636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5960855484008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017755267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2827815","display_name":"Food aid","level":4,"score":0.422984778881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4184715449810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3748396635055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3327750563621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25342267751693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.208414226770401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.16370442509651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10799291729927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10210821032524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07903739809989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/ehr.12070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165492527","display_name":"The Economic History Review","issn_l":"0013-0117","issn":["0013-0117","1468-0289"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:ehsrev:v:68:y:2015:i:2:p:600-631","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/ehr.12070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.8409000039100647},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178904163","https://openalex.org/W179306428","https://openalex.org/W575152628","https://openalex.org/W591582926","https://openalex.org/W1488793934","https://openalex.org/W1531655036","https://openalex.org/W1550750494","https://openalex.org/W1562526374","https://openalex.org/W1841733224","https://openalex.org/W1975813374","https://openalex.org/W2020747403","https://openalex.org/W2021314454","https://openalex.org/W2045445055","https://openalex.org/W2049918801","https://openalex.org/W2113897100","https://openalex.org/W2119862752","https://openalex.org/W2148130210","https://openalex.org/W2148195572","https://openalex.org/W2316228141","https://openalex.org/W2320369800","https://openalex.org/W2490302584","https://openalex.org/W2801192634","https://openalex.org/W2803824136","https://openalex.org/W2890162303","https://openalex.org/W2914838589","https://openalex.org/W2929131454","https://openalex.org/W2943792105","https://openalex.org/W3125350908","https://openalex.org/W4299542314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2225320847","https://openalex.org/W4235338177","https://openalex.org/W4210861430","https://openalex.org/W2952596053","https://openalex.org/W3013363129","https://openalex.org/W4244249049","https://openalex.org/W2243734059","https://openalex.org/W2952412094","https://openalex.org/W4404607025","https://openalex.org/W2951492783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"the":[1,4,16,23,53,75,81,84,126,138,143,148,160,195],"onset":[2],"of":[3,39,79,103,132,163,176],"First":[5],"World":[6],"War,":[7],"Germany":[8],"was":[9,71,152],"subject":[10],"to":[11,125,145,179,187],"a":[12,59,68,94,116],"shipping":[13],"embargo":[14],"by":[15,74,154,159],"Allied":[17],"forces.":[18],"Ostensibly":[19],"military":[20],"in":[21],"nature,":[22],"blockade":[24,41],"prevented":[25],"not":[26],"only":[27],"armaments":[28],"but":[29],"also":[30],"food":[31,156],"and":[32,63,101,111,165,171],"fertilizers":[33],"from":[34],"entering":[35],"Germany.":[36],"The":[37,77,174],"impact":[38,78],"that":[40,52,70],"on":[42,86,99],"civilian":[43],"populations":[44],"has":[45],"been":[46],"debated":[47],"ever":[48],"since.":[49],"Germans":[50,82],"protested":[51],"Allies":[54],"had":[55],"wielded":[56],"hunger":[57],"as":[58],"weapon":[60],"against":[61],"women":[62],"children":[64,120,136,190],"with":[65,134,168],"devastating":[66],"results,":[67],"claim":[69],"hotly":[72],"denied":[73],"Allies.":[76],"what":[80],"termed":[83],"Hungerblockade":[85],"childhood":[87],"nutrition":[88],"can":[89],"now":[90],"be":[91],"assessed":[92],"using":[93],"newly":[95],"discovered":[96],"dataset":[97],"based":[98],"heights":[100],"weights":[102],"nearly":[104],"600,000":[105],"German":[106,119],"schoolchildren":[107],"measured":[108],"between":[109],"1914":[110],"1924.":[112],"Statistical":[113],"analysis":[114],"reveals":[115],"grim":[117],"truth:":[118],"suffered":[121],"severe":[122],"malnutrition":[123],"due":[124],"blockade.":[127],"Social":[128],"class":[129],"impacted":[130],"risk":[131],"deprivation,":[133],"working\u2010class":[135],"suffering":[137],"most.":[139],"Surprisingly,":[140],"they":[141],"were":[142],"quickest":[144],"recover":[146],"after":[147,182],"war.":[149],"Their":[150],"rescue":[151],"fuelled":[153],"massive":[155],"aid":[157],"organized":[158],"former":[161,177],"enemies":[162],"Germany,":[164],"delivered":[166],"cooperatively":[167],"both":[169],"government":[170],"civil":[172],"society.":[173],"ability":[175],"belligerents":[178],"work":[180],"together":[181],"an":[183],"exceptionally":[184],"bitter":[185],"war":[186],"feed":[188],"impoverished":[189],"may":[191],"hold":[192],"hope":[193],"for":[194],"future.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}