{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1490467121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2004.1441471","title":"Optical character recognition system based on a novel fuzzy descriptive features","display_name":"Optical character recognition system based on a novel fuzzy descriptive features","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1490467121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2004.1441471","mag":"1490467121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icosp.2004.1441471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2004.1441471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2004.1441471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419823","display_name":"International Conference on Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, 2004. Proceedings. ICSP '04. 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078101287","display_name":"Yasser M. Alginahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-7749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-7749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Alginahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066312936","display_name":"I. El-Feghi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. El-Feghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116239815","display_name":"Majid A. Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-5967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-5967"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035291753","display_name":"M.A. Sid-Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.A. Sid-Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"926","last_page":"929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"optical character recognition","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-ink-character-recognition","display_name":"magnetic ink character recognition","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-correlation-function","display_name":"cross correlation function","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-classification","display_name":"character classification","score":0.8539999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7332032322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6369708180427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5979467630386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5738806128501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5495655536651611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5442885756492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5084582567214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5043214559555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.45440763235092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4339224398136139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3267468810081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29900407791137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1092614233493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08240625262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icosp.2004.1441471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2004.1441471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2004.1441471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419823","display_name":"International Conference on Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, 2004. Proceedings. ICSP '04. 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544113659","https://openalex.org/W1557726153","https://openalex.org/W1639050107","https://openalex.org/W2017787659","https://openalex.org/W2082561755","https://openalex.org/W2110019748","https://openalex.org/W2111388443","https://openalex.org/W2113751483","https://openalex.org/W2148409284","https://openalex.org/W2149914169","https://openalex.org/W2163630989","https://openalex.org/W4256068510","https://openalex.org/W7027716524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148409284","https://openalex.org/W2169331202","https://openalex.org/W1508685543","https://openalex.org/W4315699804","https://openalex.org/W2254148000","https://openalex.org/W1486168044","https://openalex.org/W2153057403","https://openalex.org/W1982755306","https://openalex.org/W2110620165","https://openalex.org/W2144881629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,30],"today's":[1],"business":[2],"environment":[3],"where":[4],"the":[5,41,44,53,69,82,106],"security":[6,24,61],"of":[7,55,71,97,113],"accepting":[8],"checks":[9,57],"can":[10],"sometimes":[11],"be":[12],"a":[13,35,72,110],"burden,":[14],"many":[15],"businesses":[16],"are":[17],"turning":[18],"to":[19,22,80],"verification":[20],"services":[21],"provide":[23],"for":[25,39,105,115],"funds":[26],"accepted":[27],"as":[28],"checks.":[29],"this":[31],"paper":[32],"we":[33],"propose":[34],"new":[36],"recognition":[37,48,111],"system":[38],"processing":[40],"optical":[42],"code,":[43],"magnetic":[45],"ink":[46],"character":[47],"(MICR)":[49],"code.":[50],"located":[51],"at":[52],"bottom":[54],"bank":[56],"and":[58,89,109,117],"in":[59],"some":[60],"documents.":[62],"The":[63],"proposed":[64],"method":[65,85],"is":[66,86,90],"based":[67],"on":[68],"use":[70],"novel":[73],"fuzzy":[74],"descriptive":[75],"feature":[76],"using":[77],"cross":[78],"correlation":[79],"classify":[81],"characters.":[83],"This":[84],"fast":[87],"robust":[88],"not":[91],"affected":[92],"by":[93],"shift":[94],"or":[95],"distortion":[96],"characters":[98],"after":[99],"thresholding.":[100],"A":[101],"100%":[102,114],"recall":[103],"rate":[104,112],"trained":[107],"patterns":[108,119],"distorted":[116],"skewed":[118],"with":[120],"less":[121],"than":[122],"1/spl":[123],"deg/":[124],"skewness":[125],"were":[126],"obtained.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}