{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1486772845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643/10690","title":"Free trade: why, when and for whom?","display_name":"Free trade: why, when and for whom?","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1486772845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643/10690","mag":"1486772845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojssapienza.caspur.it:article/10690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ojs.uniroma1.it/index.php/PSLQuarterlyReview/article/view/10690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PSL Quarterly Review; Vol 49, N\u00b0 198 (1996)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643/10690","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043863358","display_name":"Deepak Nayyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-0153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-0153"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"NAYYAR, D.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043863358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17305345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"198","first_page":"333","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-trade","display_name":"free trade","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficiency-and-equity","display_name":"efficiency and equity","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-economic-thought","display_name":"history of economic thought","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-policy","display_name":"trade policy","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uruguay-round","display_name":"Uruguay Round","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-trade","display_name":"political economy of trade","score":0.6140000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.8089034557342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.711529552936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6922091245651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.67479008436203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6672222018241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.6622994542121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993512723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536928","display_name":"Free trade agreement","level":3,"score":0.5160102844238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992549467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"Trade theory","level":3,"score":0.5093110799789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.5051332116127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186764553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46607","display_name":"Free market","level":3,"score":0.45935890078544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.45418891310691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.43526309728622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4296415448188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5335686","display_name":"International free trade agreement","level":3,"score":0.42901068925857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.34746962785720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18865114450454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16413795948028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06835389137268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojssapienza.caspur.it:article/10690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ojs.uniroma1.it/index.php/PSLQuarterlyReview/article/view/10690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PSL Quarterly Review; Vol 49, N\u00b0 198 (1996)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:psl:bnlaqr:1996:33","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ojs.uniroma1.it/index.php/PSLQuarterlyReview/article/view/10690/10575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:992d3cdf927543818e2fea4a7bf657a5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/992d3cdf927543818e2fea4a7bf657a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PSL Quarterly Review, Vol 49, Iss 198 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.13133/2037-3643/10690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643/10690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643/10690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051002","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Roma La Sapienza","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"mag:1486772845","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ojs.uniroma1.it/index.php/PSLQuarterlyReview/article/view/10690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738702335","display_name":"PSL quarterly review","issn_l":"2037-3635","issn":["2037-3635"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","doaj","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317621","host_organization_name":"Associazione Economia civile","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317621"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Associazione Economia civile"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PSL quarterly review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.13133/2037-3643/10690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643/10690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643/10690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051002","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Roma La Sapienza","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.47999998927116394}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503150923","https://openalex.org/W1553493032","https://openalex.org/W2119647524","https://openalex.org/W2129649804","https://openalex.org/W2135963443","https://openalex.org/W2163718356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955281365","https://openalex.org/W4251668293","https://openalex.org/W2497894804","https://openalex.org/W3212986537","https://openalex.org/W3023116833","https://openalex.org/W198643102","https://openalex.org/W2911793336","https://openalex.org/W1508825469","https://openalex.org/W4234431210","https://openalex.org/W3004480365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79,102],"free-trade":[1],"argument":[2],"as":[3,29],"situated":[4],"in":[5,31,60,69,113],"the":[6,25,32,53,58,61,70,73,90,95,105,114,117],"normative":[7],"dimension":[8,34],"of":[9,17,35,55,72,81,104,108,116],"orthodox":[10,36],"theory":[11,37],"had":[12],"an":[13,39],"explicit":[14],"prescriptive":[15,41],"role":[16,42],"expressing":[18],"that":[19,44],"free":[20,45,74,85,100,109],"trade":[21,46,75,86,110],"is":[22,47,87,111],"efficient.":[23],"Moreover,":[24],"factor-price":[26],"equalisation":[27],"theorem":[28],"framed":[30],"positive":[33],"served":[38],"implicit":[40],"stating":[43],"also":[48],"equitable.":[49],"As":[50],"evidenced":[51],"by":[52],"influence":[54],"political":[56],"realities":[57],"developments":[59],"international":[62],"trading":[63],"system,":[64],"there":[65],"has":[66],"been":[67],"variation":[68],"application":[71],"doctrine":[76],"across":[77],"time.":[78],"evolution":[80],"economic":[82],"thinking":[83],"about":[84],"examined.":[88],"Amongst":[89],"important":[91],"issues":[92],"explored":[93],"are":[94],"reasons":[96],"for":[97],"departure":[98],"from":[99],"trade.":[101],"reality":[103],"present":[106],"pattern":[107],"considered":[112],"light":[115],"Uruguay":[118],"Round":[119],"agreement.":[120],"JEL":[121],"Codes:":[122],"F13":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
