{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1486578692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0278","title":"Opposed Piston Opposed Cylinder (opoc\u2122) 5/10 kW Heavy Fuel Engine for UAVs and APUs","display_name":"Opposed Piston Opposed Cylinder (opoc\u2122) 5/10 kW Heavy Fuel Engine for UAVs and APUs","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1486578692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0278","mag":"1486578692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/2006-01-0278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091543240","display_name":"James Kalkstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125406","display_name":"FEV (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyqwh78","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Kalkstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEV Engine Technology, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEV Engine Technology, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007956371","display_name":"Wulf R\u00f6ver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125406","display_name":"FEV (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyqwh78","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wulf R\u00f6ver","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEV Engine Technology, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEV Engine Technology, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110831465","display_name":"Brian Campbell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125406","display_name":"FEV (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyqwh78","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEV Engine Technology, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEV Engine Technology, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056612747","display_name":"Lurun Zhong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125406","display_name":"FEV (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyqwh78","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lurun Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEV Engine Technology, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEV Engine Technology, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hua Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125406","display_name":"FEV (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyqwh78","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEV Engine Technology, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEV Engine Technology, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042449188","display_name":"Jing Ping Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125406","display_name":"FEV (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyqwh78","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Ping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEV Engine Technology, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEV Engine Technology, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053291165","display_name":"Marek Tatur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125406","display_name":"FEV (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyqwh78","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Tatur","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEV Engine Technology, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEV Engine Technology, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074039188","display_name":"Andreas Geistert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125406","display_name":"FEV (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyqwh78","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Geistert","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEV Engine Technology, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEV Engine Technology, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125406"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001600986","display_name":"Adrian Tu\u015finean","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Tusinean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Propulsion Technologies, Inc. (APT)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Propulsion Technologies, Inc. (APT)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61673152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-power-unit","display_name":"auxiliary power unit","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-aerial-vehicles","display_name":"unmanned aerial vehicles","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-stroke-engines","display_name":"two-stroke engines","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-exchange-efficiency","display_name":"gas exchange efficiency","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-balancing","display_name":"engine balancing","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"systems engineering","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermo-mechanical-finite-element-analysis","display_name":"thermo-mechanical finite element analysis","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multibody-simulation","display_name":"multibody simulation","score":0.7419999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199524791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7198512","display_name":"Piston (optics)","level":3,"score":0.8546174168586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.6666941046714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6470608711242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41455578804016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3862955570220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.38327673077583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.35343366861343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3220764696598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2820528745651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28176233172416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.050372034311294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/2006-01-0278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505406815","https://openalex.org/W1579749771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505406815","https://openalex.org/W1560823182","https://openalex.org/W2187585705","https://openalex.org/W242678517","https://openalex.org/W2980456774","https://openalex.org/W7099031284","https://openalex.org/W2063042346","https://openalex.org/W231119713","https://openalex.org/W3005049901","https://openalex.org/W4248812870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,76,99,136],"opposed":[1,3],"piston":[2,108],"cylinder":[4],"(opoc\u2122)":[5],"engine":[6,13,27,59,77,105,119,148,162,231],"concept":[7,14],"has":[8,28],"been":[9],"demonstrated":[10],"as":[11,34,47],"an":[12,35,157,216],"with":[15,85,222,243],"high":[16,21],"specific":[17],"power":[18,22,37,50,62],"density":[19],"and":[20,43,46,89,96,160,168,173,196,208,232],"to":[23,140,156,177,204],"volume":[24],"ratio.":[25],"several":[29],"potential":[30],"applications,":[31],"including":[32],"use":[33],"auxiliary":[36],"unit":[38],"(APU)":[39],"in":[40,60,188,239],"various":[41],"commercial":[42],"military":[44],"applications":[45],"the":[48,103,113,122,146,179,189,206,219,225,229,234],"primary":[49],"source":[51],"for":[52],"small":[53],"unmanned":[54],"air":[55],"vehicles":[56],"(UAVs).":[57],"An":[58],"this":[61,211],"range":[63],"operating":[64],"on":[65,224],"heavy":[66],"fuels":[67],"(e.g.":[68],"JP5,":[69],"JP8,":[70],"DF2)":[71],"is":[72,111,149],"not":[73],"typically":[74],"available.":[75],"uses":[78],"a":[79,107,116],"two-cycle":[80],"supercharged":[81],"uniflow":[82],"scavenging":[83,126],"system":[84,235],"asymmetric":[86],"port":[87],"timing":[88],"will":[90],"run":[91],"at":[92,121],"speeds":[93],"between":[94],"8,000":[95],"12,000":[97],"rpm.":[98],"unique":[100,226],"design":[101,137,178,207,220,241],"of":[102,115,133,191,210,218,228],"opoc\u2122":[104,147,230],"produces":[106,127],"speed":[109,114],"that":[110],"half":[112],"typical":[117],"crankshaft":[118],"running":[120],"same":[123],"speed.":[124],"Uniflow":[125],"gas":[128,166],"exchange":[129,167],"efficiencies":[130],"rivaling":[131],"those":[132],"four-cycle":[134],"engines.":[135],"also":[138],"leads":[139],"reduced":[141],"in-cylinder":[142],"heat":[143],"losses.":[144],"Furthermore,":[145],"fully":[150],"balanced.":[151],"These":[152],"significant":[153],"benefits":[154],"lead":[155],"extremely":[158],"lightweight":[159],"compact":[161],"design.":[163],"Extensive":[164],"1-D":[165],"3-D":[169],"scavenge":[170],"process":[171,221],"simulation":[172,195],"optimizations":[174],"were":[175,202],"used":[176,238],"combustion":[180],"system.":[181],"Traditional":[182],"Computer":[183],"Aided":[184],"Engineering":[185],"(CAE)":[186],"practices":[187],"area":[190],"Multi-Body":[192],"Systems":[193],"(MBS)":[194],"thermo-mechanical":[197],"Finite":[198],"Element":[199],"Analysis":[200],"(FEA)":[201],"adapted":[203],"support":[205],"development":[209],"engine.":[212],"This":[213],"paper":[214],"provides":[215],"overview":[217],"focus":[223],"features":[227],"presents":[233],"engineering":[236],"techniques":[237],"its":[240],"along":[242],"some":[244],"results.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}