{"id":"https://openalex.org/W14856489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x","title":"Comment: Snowball versus Respondent-Driven Sampling","display_name":"Comment: Snowball versus Respondent-Driven Sampling","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W14856489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x","mag":"14856489","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22228916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181883320","display_name":"Sociological Methodology","issn_l":"0081-1750","issn":["0081-1750","1467-9531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sociological Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3250988","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030546948","display_name":"Douglas D. Heckathorn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas D. Heckathorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030546948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8838,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":933,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98509985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"355","last_page":"366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13030","display_name":"Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques","score":0.6660000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13030","display_name":"Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques","score":0.6660000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13546","display_name":"Census and Population Estimation","score":0.16300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.11909999698400497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowball-sampling","display_name":"snowball sampling","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respondent-driven-sampling","display_name":"respondent-driven sampling","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-to-reach-populations","display_name":"hard-to-reach populations","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-structure","display_name":"social network structure","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-estimators","display_name":"sampling estimators","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106399304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868123","display_name":"Snowball sampling","level":2,"score":0.8876465559005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776640315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941","display_name":"Respondent","level":2,"score":0.6703269481658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5213169455528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.457394003868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3955360949039459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.394523024559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3408859968185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2386520802974701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12391236424446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06274521350860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181883320","display_name":"Sociological Methodology","issn_l":"0081-1750","issn":["0081-1750","1467-9531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sociological Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22228916","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22228916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sociological methodology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3250988","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3250988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sociol Methodol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3250988","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3250988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sociol Methodol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3779463883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 NR010961","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3zfr79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550809968","https://openalex.org/W1977765995","https://openalex.org/W2008823692","https://openalex.org/W2021565521","https://openalex.org/W2023900252","https://openalex.org/W2058223672","https://openalex.org/W2060008194","https://openalex.org/W2070516890","https://openalex.org/W2110233915","https://openalex.org/W2116375698","https://openalex.org/W2117740169","https://openalex.org/W2123624310","https://openalex.org/W2140610008","https://openalex.org/W2142645441","https://openalex.org/W2146770282","https://openalex.org/W2149236908","https://openalex.org/W2153808891","https://openalex.org/W2157282578","https://openalex.org/W2164713644","https://openalex.org/W2167845597","https://openalex.org/W2575536386","https://openalex.org/W2796801938","https://openalex.org/W4241491750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2558322854","https://openalex.org/W1967170474","https://openalex.org/W4386164500","https://openalex.org/W1644951373","https://openalex.org/W2599462159","https://openalex.org/W2202340127","https://openalex.org/W3192895292","https://openalex.org/W2111112325","https://openalex.org/W2804661401","https://openalex.org/W3107697994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leo":[0],"Goodman":[1,23],"(2011)":[2],"provided":[3],"a":[4,26,38,53,77,80],"useful":[5],"service":[6],"with":[7,56],"his":[8],"clarification":[9,78],"of":[10,32,79,83,92,105,126,133],"the":[11,30,89,106,112,117,124,127,134],"differences":[12],"among":[13,130],"snowball":[14,35,93],"sampling":[15,36,51,54],"as":[16,25,37],"originally":[17],"introduced":[18],"by":[19],"Coleman":[20],"(1958\u20131959)":[21],"and":[22,46,49,68,72,95],"(1961)":[24],"means":[27],"for":[28,41,59],"studying":[29,42,60],"structure":[31],"social":[33],"networks;":[34],"convenience":[39],"method":[40,55,118],"hard-to-reach":[43,61],"populations":[44,62],"(Biernacki":[45],"Waldorf":[47],"1981);":[48],"respondent-driven":[50],"(RDS),":[52],"good":[57],"estimability":[58],"(Heckathorn":[63],"1997,":[64],"2002,":[65],"2007;":[66],"Salganik":[67],"Heckathorn":[69,73],"2004;":[70],"Volz":[71],"2008).\r\n\r\nThis":[74],"comment":[75,122],"offers":[76],"related":[81],"set":[82],"issues.":[84],"One":[85],"is":[86,99],"confusion":[87,100],"between":[88],"latter":[90],"form":[91],"sampling,":[94],"RDS.":[96],"A":[97],"second":[98],"resulting":[101],"from":[102,111],"multiple":[103],"forms":[104,132],"RDS":[107],"estimator":[108],"that":[109],"derives":[110],"incremental":[113],"manner":[114],"in":[115],"which":[116],"was":[119],"developed.":[120],"This":[121],"summarizes":[123],"development":[125],"method,":[128],"distinguishing":[129],"seven":[131],"estimator.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":119},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":91},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-21T09:56:26.102985","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}