{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1485103333","doi":null,"title":"The Gains from Trade Theorem with Increasing Returns to Scale","display_name":"The Gains from Trade Theorem with Increasing Returns to Scale","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1485103333","mag":"1485103333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:economicscsier_wp-1048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/economicscsier_wp/47","pdf_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/260df967-73be-4e62-ba5a-c9839491312b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Centre for the Study of International Economic Relations Working Papers","raw_type":"workingpaper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/260df967-73be-4e62-ba5a-c9839491312b/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085245568","display_name":"James R. Markusen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-6350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-6350"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Markusen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-6350","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061211803","display_name":"James R. Melvin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Melvin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gains-from-trade","display_name":"gains from trade","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/increasing-returns-to-scale","display_name":"increasing returns to scale","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-theory","display_name":"trade theory","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.8190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165083353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282942","display_name":"Returns to scale","level":3,"score":0.5653589963912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5483067035675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5365813374519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4607490301132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43318912386894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3347899317741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.28519171476364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.269990473985672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14008787274360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:economicscsier_wp-1048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/economicscsier_wp/47","pdf_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/260df967-73be-4e62-ba5a-c9839491312b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Centre for the Study of International Economic Relations Working Papers","raw_type":"workingpaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/10105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/10105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"working paper"},{"id":"mag:1485103333","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=economicscsier_wp","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:economicscsier_wp-1048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/economicscsier_wp/47","pdf_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/260df967-73be-4e62-ba5a-c9839491312b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Centre for the Study of International Economic Relations Working Papers","raw_type":"workingpaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1485103333.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W205901380","https://openalex.org/W2294021551","https://openalex.org/W2198942501","https://openalex.org/W4392713131","https://openalex.org/W2029534704","https://openalex.org/W2316466254","https://openalex.org/W2206231168","https://openalex.org/W3045836791","https://openalex.org/W224203023","https://openalex.org/W2419035557"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}