{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1484989529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","title":"Is Bank Capital Procyclical? A Cross-Country Analysis","display_name":"Is Bank Capital Procyclical? A Cross-Country Analysis","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1484989529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","mag":"1484989529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192821","display_name":"Credit and Capital Markets \u2013 Kredit und Kapital","issn_l":"0023-4591","issn":["0023-4591","1865-5734","2199-1227","2199-1235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313978","host_organization_name":"Duncker & Humblot","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313978"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duncker & Humblot"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Credit and Capital Markets \u2013 Kredit und Kapital","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009191742","display_name":"Jacob  Antoon Bikker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2441-8538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2441-8538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96120398","display_name":"De Nederlandsche Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/02fabx761","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96120398"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Antoon Bikker","raw_affiliation_strings":["De Nederlandsche Bank, PO Box 98, 1000 AB Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1000 AB, Netherlands","Utrecht University - School of Economics, Kriekenpitplein 21-22, Adam Smith Building, Utrecht, 3584 EC, Netherlands","De Nederlandsche Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De Nederlandsche Bank, PO Box 98, 1000 AB Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1000 AB, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96120398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University - School of Economics, Kriekenpitplein 21-22, Adam Smith Building, Utrecht, 3584 EC, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"De Nederlandsche Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96120398"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058080146","display_name":"Paul Metzemakers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Metzemaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of the Netherlands, PO Box 98, 1000 AB Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1000 AB, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of the Netherlands, PO Box 98, 1000 AB Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1000 AB, Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009191742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353","https://openalex.org/I96120398"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4627,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97500184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"225","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procyclicality","display_name":"procyclicality","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-capital","display_name":"bank capital","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-cycles","display_name":"business cycles","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-buffers","display_name":"capital buffers","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basel-ii","display_name":"Basel II","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-requirements","display_name":"capital requirements","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-risk","display_name":"bank risk","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-regulation","display_name":"capital regulation","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-banks","display_name":"small banks","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.5279570817947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.519437313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.406290203332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25999367237091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.14989349246025085}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192821","display_name":"Credit and Capital Markets \u2013 Kredit und Kapital","issn_l":"0023-4591","issn":["0023-4591","1865-5734","2199-1227","2199-1235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313978","host_organization_name":"Duncker & Humblot","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313978"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duncker & Humblot"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Credit and Capital Markets \u2013 Kredit und Kapital","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.676608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.676608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.676608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:009","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dnb.nl/binaries/Working%20Paper%20No%209-2004_tcm46-146666.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.dnb.nl/binaries/Working%20Paper%20No%209-2004_tcm46-146666.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/293569","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/293569","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/293569/1/ccm.40.2.225.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"mag:1484989529","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:kuk:journl:v:40:y:2007:i:2:p:225-264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192821","display_name":"Credit and Capital Markets \u2013 Kredit und Kapital","issn_l":"0023-4591","issn":["0023-4591","1865-5734","2199-1227","2199-1235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313978","host_organization_name":"Duncker & Humblot","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313978"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duncker & Humblot"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Credit and Capital Markets \u2013 Kredit und Kapital","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3122359779","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/dnbdnbwpp/009.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ccm.40.2.225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192821","display_name":"Credit and Capital Markets \u2013 Kredit und Kapital","issn_l":"0023-4591","issn":["0023-4591","1865-5734","2199-1227","2199-1235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313978","host_organization_name":"Duncker & Humblot","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313978"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duncker & Humblot"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Credit and Capital Markets \u2013 Kredit und Kapital","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536402420","https://openalex.org/W1557933424","https://openalex.org/W1563428133","https://openalex.org/W1565051662","https://openalex.org/W1575300717","https://openalex.org/W1596210243","https://openalex.org/W1965932263","https://openalex.org/W1967412064","https://openalex.org/W1974244766","https://openalex.org/W1977847404","https://openalex.org/W1982952305","https://openalex.org/W1994038570","https://openalex.org/W1996462079","https://openalex.org/W2014962525","https://openalex.org/W2027347945","https://openalex.org/W2085860749","https://openalex.org/W2098291543","https://openalex.org/W2100281146","https://openalex.org/W2100482996","https://openalex.org/W2106926746","https://openalex.org/W2124927651","https://openalex.org/W2127247488","https://openalex.org/W2142052054","https://openalex.org/W2155986724","https://openalex.org/W2158906791","https://openalex.org/W2895270050","https://openalex.org/W3014415747","https://openalex.org/W3021072359","https://openalex.org/W3023584848","https://openalex.org/W3121193531","https://openalex.org/W3121466646","https://openalex.org/W3121585363","https://openalex.org/W3122139152","https://openalex.org/W3125195399","https://openalex.org/W3125727738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397212618","https://openalex.org/W3121351772","https://openalex.org/W7097900961","https://openalex.org/W7016609775","https://openalex.org/W3141891866","https://openalex.org/W7096396529","https://openalex.org/W1530096021","https://openalex.org/W7045613036","https://openalex.org/W2016604776","https://openalex.org/W2556276448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,19,35,61,78],"determinants":[4],"of":[5,15,47,87],"commercial":[6],"banks'":[7,27],"own":[8,28],"internal":[9],"capital":[10,43,54,62,69,104,114],"targets":[11],"and":[12],"potential":[13],"sensitivity":[14],"these":[16,109],"levels":[17,70],"to":[18,40,111],"business":[20,36],"cycle.":[21,37],"World-wide":[22],"results":[23,65],"make":[24,118],"clear":[25],"that":[26,51,67],"risk":[29],"is":[30],"only":[31],"slightly":[32],"dependent":[33],"on":[34,45],"Banks":[38],"tend":[39],"hold":[41,53],"substantial":[42],"buffers":[44],"top":[46],"minimum":[48],"requirements,":[49],"reflecting":[50],"they":[52],"for":[55],"other":[56],"reasons":[57],"than":[58],"strictly":[59],"meeting":[60],"requirements.":[63],"These":[64],"suggest":[66],"actual":[68],"may":[71],"not":[72],"become":[73],"substantially":[74],"more":[75,102,120],"procyclical":[76],"under":[77],"new":[79],"risk-sensitive":[80,103],"Basel":[81],"II":[82],"regime.":[83],"However,":[84],"a":[85,93],"number":[86],"banks,":[88],"especially":[89],"smaller":[90],"ones,":[91],"combine":[92],"relatively":[94],"risky":[95],"portfolio":[96],"with":[97],"limited":[98],"buffer":[99],"capital.":[100],"A":[101],"regulation":[105],"regime":[106],"could":[107],"force":[108],"banks":[110],"obtain":[112],"higher":[113],"levels,":[115],"which":[116],"would":[117],"them":[119],"procyclical.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
