{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1484401064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","title":"Agricultural Interest Groups and the North American Free Trade Agreement","display_name":"Agricultural Interest Groups and the North American Free Trade Agreement","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1484401064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","mag":"1484401064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014900997","display_name":"David Orden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-8467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-8467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150314799","display_name":"International Food Policy Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03pxz9p87","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I150314799"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Orden","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150314799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014900997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150314799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"335","last_page":"384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.7275000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.7275000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12033","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Policy","score":0.13459999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13011","display_name":"Latin American rural development","score":0.060600001364946365,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nafta","display_name":"NAFTA","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-interest-groups","display_name":"agricultural interest groups","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-trade-policy","display_name":"agricultural trade policy","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-protectionism","display_name":"agricultural protectionism","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-support-programs","display_name":"agricultural support programs","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canada-united-states-free-trade-agreement","display_name":"Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinton-administration","display_name":"Clinton administration","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993512723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536928","display_name":"Free trade agreement","level":3,"score":0.8025422692298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5903867483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4472377300262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4121204614639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.37847548723220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.3544093072414398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33490079641342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3324202299118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.155575692653656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberch:8709","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8709.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8709.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:4790","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w4790.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w4790.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3121202451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/4790.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3123276601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/4790.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1484401064.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1484401064.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575475210","https://openalex.org/W604504851","https://openalex.org/W1512610963","https://openalex.org/W1967905741","https://openalex.org/W1969540923","https://openalex.org/W1976708442","https://openalex.org/W2153031274","https://openalex.org/W2164298773","https://openalex.org/W2781656212","https://openalex.org/W3139789705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097074685","https://openalex.org/W2923315121","https://openalex.org/W7143607527","https://openalex.org/W2021463723","https://openalex.org/W2185499786","https://openalex.org/W85907468","https://openalex.org/W6926230622","https://openalex.org/W7096247409","https://openalex.org/W7204601922","https://openalex.org/W1494530108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"evaluates":[2],"the":[3,12,31,61,128,133,137,148,171,200,206],"influence":[4],"of":[5,52,60,91,179,193],"diverse":[6],"U.S.":[7,82,89,155],"agricultural":[8,26,58,138,196],"interest":[9],"groups":[10,140],"on":[11,108],"North":[13],"American":[14],"Free":[15],"Trade":[16],"Agreement":[17],"(NAFTA).":[18],"Under":[19],"NAFTA,":[20],"licenses":[21],"and":[22,30,41,73,96,112,116,119,167,169,181],"quotas":[23],"that":[24],"restricted":[25],"trade":[27],"between":[28],"Mexico":[29],"United":[32,172,201],"States":[33,173,202],"were":[34,141],"converted":[35],"to":[36,45,54,143,164],"tariffs":[37,43],"in":[38,77,127,147,174,189,199],"January":[39],"1994":[40],"all":[42],"are":[44],"be":[46],"phased":[47],"out":[48],"over":[49],"adjustment":[50],"periods":[51],"up":[53],"15":[55],"years.":[56],"The":[57,122],"provisions":[59],"1988":[62],"Canada-U.S.":[63],"FTA,":[64],"which":[65],"left":[66],"quantitative":[67],"barriers":[68],"intact":[69],"for":[70,79,145],"dairy,":[71],"poultry":[72],"other":[74],"sectors,":[75],"remain":[76],"effect":[78],"bilateral":[80],"Canadian-":[81],"trade.":[83],"NAFTA":[84,187],"received":[85],"support":[86,197],"from":[87,157],"export-oriented":[88],"producers":[90],"most":[92],"grains,":[93],"oilseeds,":[94],"livestock,":[95],"some":[97,161],"horticultural":[98],"products.":[99],"Opposition":[100],"was":[101,124],"expressed":[102],"by":[103,132],"wheat":[104,180],"producers,":[105],"seeking":[106],"leverage":[107],"Canadian":[109,177],"export-pricing":[110],"issues,":[111],"protected":[113],"sugar,":[114],"peanut,":[115],"winter":[117,165],"fruit":[118],"vegetable":[120],"producers.":[121],"opposition":[123],"not":[125],"addressed":[126],"side":[129],"agreements":[130],"negotiated":[131],"Clinton":[134],"administration":[135],"but":[136],"commodity":[139],"able":[142],"bargain":[144],"accommodations":[146],"subsequent":[149],"legislative":[150],"debate.":[151],"Final":[152],"concessions":[153],"protect":[154],"sugar":[156],"Mexican":[158],"competition,":[159],"provide":[160],"transition":[162],"protection":[163],"fruits":[166],"vegetables,":[168],"ensnarl":[170],"disputes":[175],"about":[176],"exports":[178],"peanut":[182],"butter.":[183],"With":[184],"these":[185],"concessions,":[186],"results":[188],"essentially":[190],"no":[191],"reform":[192],"entrenched":[194],"domestic":[195],"programs":[198],"(or":[203],"Canada)":[204],"during":[205],"lengthy":[207],"tariff":[208],"phase-out":[209],"periods.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}