{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1484058533","doi":null,"title":"Which Countries Give Investors the Best Protection","display_name":"Which Countries Give Investors the Best Protection","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1484058533","mag":"1484058533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1484058533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTFINANCIALSECTOR/Resources/282884-1303327122200/109lopez.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111421447","display_name":"La Porta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"La Porta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047284862","display_name":"Rafael Lopez de Silanes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Lopez de Silanes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036533089","display_name":"Florencio Shleifer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florencio Shleifer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063684919","display_name":"Andrei Vishny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Vishny","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109432703","display_name":"Robert Robert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14102","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Law","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investor-protection","display_name":"investor protection","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creditors-rights","display_name":"creditor protection","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-law","display_name":"common law","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-law","display_name":"civil law","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-origins","display_name":"legal origins","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-finance","display_name":"corporate finance","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"law enforcement","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159091798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157165","display_name":"Creditor","level":3,"score":0.7725547552108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994371709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557880","display_name":"Investor protection","level":3,"score":0.5188628435134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.5186359286308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780677400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4122235","display_name":"Civil law (Civil law)","level":3,"score":0.4741596281528473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170706310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30216","display_name":"Common law","level":2,"score":0.43658849596977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.42229825258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40607282519340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3831446170806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.38185936212539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3718962073326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.30442845821380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.2359793484210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.23200055956840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86432685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219186","display_name":"Commercial law","level":2,"score":0.2313760221004486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.13067710399627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1484058533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTFINANCIALSECTOR/Resources/282884-1303327122200/109lopez.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7111480359","https://openalex.org/W3122604797","https://openalex.org/W2374666980","https://openalex.org/W1599130983","https://openalex.org/W2113915439","https://openalex.org/W1969519191","https://openalex.org/W3121512198","https://openalex.org/W7098444587","https://openalex.org/W1943351669","https://openalex.org/W2361622805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Does":[0],"the":[1,11,65,95,110],"owner":[2],"of":[3,6,74],"a":[4,21,62,72],"share":[5],"stock":[7],"in":[8,16,23,30,39,71,94,109],"Mexico":[9],"have":[10],"same":[12],"rights":[13],"as":[14,25,28],"one":[15,29],"Germany":[17],"or":[18],"India?":[19],"Is":[20],"creditor":[22],"Italy":[24],"well":[26],"protected":[27],"Switzerland?":[31],"Do":[32],"laws":[33,107],"protecting":[34],"investors":[35,102],"differ":[36],"among":[37],"countries":[38,75,89],"systematic":[40],"ways?":[41],"Are":[42],"they":[43,53],"sufficiently":[44],"enforced":[45],"everywhere?":[46],"And":[47],"if":[48],"there":[49],"are":[50],"differences,":[51],"do":[52],"matter":[54],"for":[55],"corporate":[56],"finance?":[57],"This":[58],"Note":[59],"reports":[60],"on":[61],"study":[63],"by":[64],"authors":[66],"that":[67,88],"examines":[68],"these":[69],"issues":[70],"sample":[73],"covering":[76],"Asia,":[77],"Africa,":[78],"Europe,":[79],"and":[80,82],"North":[81],"South":[83],"America.":[84],"The":[85],"analysis":[86],"suggests":[87],"whose":[90,106],"legal":[91],"rules":[92],"originate":[93,108],"common":[96],"law":[97,112],"tradition":[98],"tend":[99],"to":[100],"protect":[101],"better":[103],"than":[104],"those":[105],"civil":[111,116],"tradition,":[113],"especially":[114],"French":[115],"law.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
