{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1484036769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28643","title":"Betel quid chewing and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A meta\u2010analysis with implications for cancer control","display_name":"Betel quid chewing and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A meta\u2010analysis with implications for cancer control","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1484036769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28643","mag":"1484036769","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24302487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ijc.28643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5382288","display_name":"International Journal of Cancer","issn_l":"0020-7136","issn":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073234778","display_name":"Neela Guha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-4662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-4662"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42237331","display_name":"Centre international de recherche sur le cancer","ror":"https://ror.org/00v452281","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neela Guha","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088652438","display_name":"Saman Warnakulasuriya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2103-0746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2103-0746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324925910","display_name":"St Thomas' Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/054gk2851","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I200166805","https://openalex.org/I4210111135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saman Warnakulasuriya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oral Medicine Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' Hospitals London United Kingdom","WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer/Precancer, London, United Kingdom","Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oral Medicine Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' Hospitals London United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer/Precancer, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080784945","display_name":"Jelle J. Vlaanderen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-692X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-692X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42237331","display_name":"Centre international de recherche sur le cancer","ror":"https://ror.org/00v452281","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelle Vlaanderen","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079199364","display_name":"Kurt Stra\u00edf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1402-2406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1402-2406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42237331","display_name":"Centre international de recherche sur le cancer","ror":"https://ror.org/00v452281","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Straif","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073234778","https://openalex.org/A5079199364"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42237331"],"apc_list":{"value":5030,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5030},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":267,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81016949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"135","issue":"6","first_page":"1433","last_page":"1443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.7465999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.7465999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.2393999993801117,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betel-nut-chewing","display_name":"betel quid chewing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-cancer","display_name":"oral cancer","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oropharyngeal-cancer","display_name":"oropharyngeal cancer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotiana-tabacum","display_name":"tobacco","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-response-relationship","display_name":"exposure-response relationship","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attributable-fraction","display_name":"attributable fraction","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-prevention","display_name":"cancer prevention","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-control","display_name":"cancer control","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-cancer-risk","display_name":"sex differences in cancer risk","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-immigrants","display_name":"Asian immigrants","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-subcontinent","display_name":"Indian subcontinent","score":0.7409999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.7677571773529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7175800800323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779741799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157289","display_name":"Areca","level":3,"score":0.6614305377006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777417228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159532","display_name":"Betel","level":3,"score":0.6000363826751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.5282570123672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.49674922227859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2820582985877991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206391251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186738","display_name":"Nut","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001114","descriptor_name":"Areca","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009062","descriptor_name":"Mouth Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009062","descriptor_name":"Mouth Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009062","descriptor_name":"Mouth Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009959","descriptor_name":"Oropharyngeal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009959","descriptor_name":"Oropharyngeal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009959","descriptor_name":"Oropharyngeal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013624","descriptor_name":"Taiwan","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ijc.28643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5382288","display_name":"International Journal of Cancer","issn_l":"0020-7136","issn":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24302487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24302487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of cancer","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8700000047683716}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93670644","https://openalex.org/W163411894","https://openalex.org/W1488112137","https://openalex.org/W1498627279","https://openalex.org/W1515701355","https://openalex.org/W1595184853","https://openalex.org/W1595237219","https://openalex.org/W1677573439","https://openalex.org/W1967253358","https://openalex.org/W1969235650","https://openalex.org/W1970159020","https://openalex.org/W1972505298","https://openalex.org/W1973238726","https://openalex.org/W1981366923","https://openalex.org/W1981989535","https://openalex.org/W1988383350","https://openalex.org/W1990015014","https://openalex.org/W1991301343","https://openalex.org/W1993888508","https://openalex.org/W1998682061","https://openalex.org/W1998834124","https://openalex.org/W1999575578","https://openalex.org/W2004764123","https://openalex.org/W2004901744","https://openalex.org/W2011845715","https://openalex.org/W2016081624","https://openalex.org/W2017528368","https://openalex.org/W2023937863","https://openalex.org/W2027672096","https://openalex.org/W2031190347","https://openalex.org/W2031424916","https://openalex.org/W2033955532","https://openalex.org/W2037270600","https://openalex.org/W2039934150","https://openalex.org/W2042606856","https://openalex.org/W2043529701","https://openalex.org/W2044414901","https://openalex.org/W2045860165","https://openalex.org/W2050820138","https://openalex.org/W2051583545","https://openalex.org/W2052384073","https://openalex.org/W2052951617","https://openalex.org/W2053597462","https://openalex.org/W2055956006","https://openalex.org/W2058787857","https://openalex.org/W2065548992","https://openalex.org/W2066648341","https://openalex.org/W2068704037","https://openalex.org/W2069304635","https://openalex.org/W2075145927","https://openalex.org/W2075186752","https://openalex.org/W2076322266","https://openalex.org/W2077205705","https://openalex.org/W2081202701","https://openalex.org/W2083157947","https://openalex.org/W2086009675","https://openalex.org/W2089220441","https://openalex.org/W2089636562","https://openalex.org/W2098379598","https://openalex.org/W2098819327","https://openalex.org/W2107328434","https://openalex.org/W2107949454","https://openalex.org/W2114469035","https://openalex.org/W2117200377","https://openalex.org/W2120087915","https://openalex.org/W2121440222","https://openalex.org/W2123074327","https://openalex.org/W2126441240","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2130936281","https://openalex.org/W2133086710","https://openalex.org/W2135806783","https://openalex.org/W2140096343","https://openalex.org/W2140158725","https://openalex.org/W2142934073","https://openalex.org/W2143669442","https://openalex.org/W2145500121","https://openalex.org/W2148436420","https://openalex.org/W2157921473","https://openalex.org/W2162766713","https://openalex.org/W2165004721","https://openalex.org/W2171662976","https://openalex.org/W2171729019","https://openalex.org/W2185012625","https://openalex.org/W2191848076","https://openalex.org/W2315085582","https://openalex.org/W2394535060","https://openalex.org/W2400461804","https://openalex.org/W2407173123","https://openalex.org/W2418654093","https://openalex.org/W2429087790","https://openalex.org/W2433353321","https://openalex.org/W4291982476","https://openalex.org/W4297855254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972505298","https://openalex.org/W2161860271","https://openalex.org/W2075186752","https://openalex.org/W2069304635","https://openalex.org/W2031067486","https://openalex.org/W2465882164","https://openalex.org/W2054803790","https://openalex.org/W4251166871","https://openalex.org/W6964892882","https://openalex.org/W3036359585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,201],"conducted":[1],"a":[2,25,121],"random-effects":[3],"meta-analysis":[4],"of":[5,31,44,154,165,175,215,223],"50":[6],"publications":[7],"assessing":[8],"the":[9,59,77,99,125,131,134,152,213,234],"relationship":[10],"between":[11],"oral/oropharyngeal":[12,74,155,216],"cancer":[13,75,156,217],"and":[14,33,42,88,116,162,170,225],"chewing":[15,166,239],"betel":[16,204],"quid,":[17],"with":[18,158,207,238],"(BQ+T)":[19],"or":[20,208],"without":[21,209],"added":[22,210],"tobacco":[23,115,224],"(BQ-T),":[24],"common":[26],"practice":[27],"in":[28,76,96,130,139,146,168,178,193,199,218,241],"many":[29],"parts":[30],"Asia":[32],"globally":[34],"among":[35],"Asian":[36],"immigrants.":[37],"Exposure-response,":[38],"by":[39],"daily":[40,160],"amount":[41,161],"years":[43],"BQ":[45,64,167,185],"chewed,":[46],"was":[47,80,103,136],"assessed":[48],"using":[49],"spline":[50],"models.":[51],"Attributable":[52],"fractions":[53],"(PAF%)":[54],"were":[55,65,186],"calculated":[56],"to":[57,110,232],"estimate":[58],"public":[60],"health":[61],"impact":[62],"if":[63,184],"no":[66,187],"longer":[67,188],"chewed.":[68],"The":[69],"meta-relative":[70],"risk":[71,126,153,214],"(mRR)":[72],"for":[73,86,94,101,114,191,197],"Indian":[78,132],"subcontinent":[79],"2.56":[81],"(95%CI,":[82,90,105],"2.00-3.28;":[83],"15":[84],"studies)":[85,93],"BQ-T":[87,102,192,240],"7.74":[89],"5.38-11.13;":[91],"31":[92],"BQ+T;":[95],"Taiwan,":[97,171,194,242],"China,":[98],"mRR":[100,135],"10.98":[104],"4.86-24.84;":[106],"13":[107],"studies).":[108],"Restricting":[109],"studies":[111],"that":[112,151,203],"adjusted":[113],"alcohol":[117,226],"use":[118],"had":[119],"only":[120],"small":[122],"effect":[123],"on":[124],"estimates.":[127],"For":[128],"BQ+T":[129,198],"subcontinent,":[133],"much":[137],"higher":[138,235],"women":[140],"(mRR,":[141],"14.56;":[142],"95%CI,":[143],"7.63-27.76)":[144],"than":[145],"men.":[147],"Exposure-response":[148],"analyses":[149],"showed":[150],"increased":[157],"increasing":[159],"duration":[163],"(years)":[164],"India":[169],"China.":[172,243],"Roughly":[173],"half":[174],"oral":[176],"cancers":[177],"these":[179],"countries":[180],"could":[181],"be":[182],"prevented":[183],"chewed":[189],"(PAF%=53.7%":[190],"China;":[195],"PAF%=49.5%":[196],"India).":[200],"demonstrate":[202],"quid":[205],"chewing,":[206],"tobacco,":[211],"increases":[212],"an":[219],"exposure-dependent":[220],"manner,":[221],"independently":[222],"use.":[227],"Further":[228],"work":[229],"is":[230],"needed":[231],"explain":[233],"risks":[236],"associated":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}