{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1483391833","doi":null,"title":"Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820-1940: Latin America","display_name":"Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820-1940: Latin America","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1483391833","mag":"1483391833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1483391833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/fth/harver/1853.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112836983","display_name":"Jeffrey Gale Williamson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey G. Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112836983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-wages","display_name":"real wages","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-factor-prices","display_name":"relative factor prices","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america","display_name":"Latin America","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-cone","display_name":"Southern Cone","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-convergence","display_name":"economic convergence","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-divergence","display_name":"economic divergence","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-change","display_name":"demographic change","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration","display_name":"immigration","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-history","display_name":"economic history","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-basin","display_name":"Mediterranean basin","score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-economic-development","display_name":"comparative economic development","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argentina","display_name":"Argentina","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazil","display_name":"Brazil","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colombia","display_name":"Colombia","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuba","display_name":"Cuba","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mexico","display_name":"Mexico","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uruguay","display_name":"Uruguay","score":0.9649999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.8782596588134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.6508173942565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141441539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970908","display_name":"Boom","level":2,"score":0.5622246265411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5574135780334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5184309482574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.46724963188171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.4543019235134125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4526020884513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.43132826685905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41443777084350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.35592925548553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.29714858531951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1483391833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/fth/harver/1853.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14593297","https://openalex.org/W1498201492","https://openalex.org/W1501263562","https://openalex.org/W1543999813","https://openalex.org/W1826471504","https://openalex.org/W1963916170","https://openalex.org/W1973816371","https://openalex.org/W1979132028","https://openalex.org/W2019033561","https://openalex.org/W2022688916","https://openalex.org/W2023451609","https://openalex.org/W2023509749","https://openalex.org/W2032834557","https://openalex.org/W2052553002","https://openalex.org/W2059141373","https://openalex.org/W2076666816","https://openalex.org/W2080485486","https://openalex.org/W2086767954","https://openalex.org/W2103894424","https://openalex.org/W2105717288","https://openalex.org/W2120121601","https://openalex.org/W2136199089","https://openalex.org/W2151942543","https://openalex.org/W2162209154","https://openalex.org/W2163893276","https://openalex.org/W2475519098","https://openalex.org/W3005189019","https://openalex.org/W3028411110","https://openalex.org/W3122941853","https://openalex.org/W3125701855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057869900","https://openalex.org/W1545438425","https://openalex.org/W1557327697","https://openalex.org/W3141878919","https://openalex.org/W7019617490","https://openalex.org/W7096201756","https://openalex.org/W7161960857","https://openalex.org/W2097499790","https://openalex.org/W3121170769","https://openalex.org/W3104499272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"1914,":[1],"there":[2],"were":[3,53,198],"huge":[4],"economic":[5],"gaps":[6,22,48,74],"between":[7,75],"the":[8,14,21,29,37,47,73,79,119,142,155,193,222,226,230],"Southern":[9],"Cone":[10],"plus":[11,216],"Cuba":[12],"and":[13,52,62,78,103,112,167,181,186,211,221],"rest":[15],"of":[16,32,201,204],"Latin":[17,76,92,174,205],"America.":[18],"When":[19],"did":[20,46,110],"appear?":[23],"Can":[24],"they":[25,54,139],"be":[26],"explained":[27],"by":[28,56,67],"varying":[30],"ability":[31],"these":[33,134],"countries":[34,90],"to":[35,132,141,148],"exploit":[36],"first":[38],"great":[39],"globalization":[40,111],"boom":[41],"after":[42,97],"about":[43,72],"1870?":[44],"Or":[45],"appear":[49],"much":[50,129],"earlier,":[51],"established":[55],"different":[57],"experience":[58],"with":[59,84],"colonialism,":[60],"war":[61],"civil":[63],"war,":[64],"or":[65],"perhaps":[66],"geographic":[68],"isolation?":[69],"And":[70],"what":[71],"America":[77,93],"Mediterranean":[80,195],"Basin,":[81],"let":[82],"alone":[83],"industrial":[85],"leaders":[86],"like":[87,124],"Britain?":[88],"Which":[89],"in":[91,118],"started":[94],"catching":[95],"up":[96],"mid-century,":[98],"which":[99,104,197],"fell":[100],"further":[101],"behind,":[102],"held":[105],"their":[106],"own?":[107],"What":[108],"role":[109],"demographic":[113],"forces,":[114],"including":[115],"immigration,":[116],"play":[117],"process?":[120],"Conventional":[121],"quantitative":[122],"evidence,":[123],"current":[125],"GDP":[126],"estimates,":[127],"is":[128],"too":[130],"incomplete":[131],"confront":[133],"central":[135],"questions,":[136],"especially":[137],"as":[138,189,191],"apply":[140],"previous":[143],"century.":[144],"In":[145],"an":[146],"effort":[147],"suggest":[149],"a":[150,160,199],"new":[151,161],"research":[152],"agenda":[153],"for":[154,171,192,229],"region,":[156],"this":[157],"essay":[158],"uses":[159],"data":[162,227],"base":[163,228],"on":[164],"real":[165],"wages":[166],"relative":[168],"factor":[169],"prices":[170],"seven":[172],"major":[173],"American":[175],"regions":[176,196],"--":[177,188,208],"Argentina,":[178],"Brazil":[179],"(Southeast":[180],"Northeast),":[182],"Colombia,":[183],"Cuba,":[184],"Mexico":[185],"Uruguay":[187],"well":[190],"three":[194],"source":[200],"so":[202],"many":[203],"America's":[206],"immigrants":[207],"Portugal,":[209],"Spain":[210],"Italy.":[212],"These":[213],"ten":[214],"regions,":[215],"comparative":[217],"information":[218],"from":[219],"Britain":[220],"United":[223],"States,":[224],"form":[225],"paper.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
