{"id":"https://openalex.org/W148293697","doi":null,"title":"Disparities in maternal outcomes among four ethnic populations.","display_name":"Disparities in maternal outcomes among four ethnic populations.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W148293697","mag":"148293697","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16108310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16108310","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16108310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088202805","display_name":"Jay J. Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-8329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-8329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2293663","display_name":"Governors State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtq7t14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2293663"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay J Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Administration, College of Health Professions, Governors State University, One University Parkway, University Park, IL 60466, USA. j-shen@govst.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Administration, College of Health Professions, Governors State University, One University Parkway, University Park, IL 60466, USA. j-shen@govst.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2293663"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076393166","display_name":"Catherine Tymkow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Tymkow","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003245413","display_name":"Nancy J. MacMullen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy MacMullen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93456869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"492","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.3905999958515167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.3905999958515167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11389","display_name":"Maternal and fetal healthcare","score":0.32420000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10290","display_name":"Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies","score":0.13040000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-outcomes","display_name":"maternal outcomes","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-groups","display_name":"ethnic groups","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-women","display_name":"Hispanic women","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-pacific-islander-women","display_name":"Asian/Pacific Islander women","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-labor","display_name":"preterm labor","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy","display_name":"hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"gestational diabetes mellitus","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placenta-previa","display_name":"placenta previa","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placental-abruption","display_name":"placental abruption","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premature-rupture-of-membranes","display_name":"premature rupture of membranes","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesarean-section","display_name":"cesarean section","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postpartum-hemorrhage","display_name":"postpartum hemorrhage","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preeclampsia","display_name":"preeclampsia","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perinatal-care","display_name":"perinatal care","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8895152807235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780081364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471410","display_name":"Placenta previa","level":5,"score":0.7905685305595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779434492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126691","display_name":"Gestational diabetes","level":4,"score":0.7515935301780701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020641676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065556","display_name":"Pacific islanders","level":3,"score":0.7224235534667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.6815972328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779225303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388113","display_name":"Placental abruption","level":4,"score":0.6197077631950378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.5772479772567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777218350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61335","display_name":"Preeclampsia","level":3,"score":0.5548614859580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5360615253448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777102558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11703370","display_name":"Premature rupture of membranes","level":4,"score":0.524316668510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777583542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519482","display_name":"Gestational hypertension","level":4,"score":0.5062562823295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5028647780418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.3364856243133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.21445497870445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1717439591884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15198394656181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776953305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1212935","display_name":"Placenta","level":4,"score":0.13805964589118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.10585916042327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09966045618057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0703982412815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001213","descriptor_name":"Asian","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008429","descriptor_name":"Maternal Welfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011248","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044468","descriptor_name":"Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16108310","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16108310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalscholarship.unlv.edu:community_health_sciences_fac_articles-1169","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/community_health_sciences_fac_articles/170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.library.unlv.edu:community_health_sciences_fac_articles-1169","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/community_health_sciences_fac_articles/170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"School of Public Health Faculty Research","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:148293697","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16108310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281652451","https://openalex.org/W4200116708","https://openalex.org/W1979852330","https://openalex.org/W4200139058","https://openalex.org/W2055915861","https://openalex.org/W4389980408","https://openalex.org/W2414202895","https://openalex.org/W2906145207","https://openalex.org/W3195720733","https://openalex.org/W2781652478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"racial":[3],"disparities":[4],"in":[5,13,32,233],"adverse":[6],"maternal":[7],"outcomes":[8,192],"among":[9,208],"four":[10],"ethnic":[11],"groups":[12],"the":[14,40,127,190,212],"United":[15],"States.":[16],"DESIGN,":[17],"SETTING,":[18],"AND":[19],"PARTICIPANTS:":[20],"A":[21],"total":[22],"of":[23,65,97,120,126,205,246],"1,030,350":[24],"women":[25],"aged":[26],"13":[27],"to":[28,84,144,167,219,224,239],"55":[29],"who":[30],"delivered":[31],"1998":[33],"and":[34,54,75,133,156,161,181,198,203,229,251],"1999.":[35],"Data":[36],"were":[37,81,141,164],"abstracted":[38],"from":[39],"National":[41],"Inpatient":[42],"Sample.":[43],"MAIN":[44],"OUTCOME":[45],"MEASURES:":[46],"Race":[47],"was":[48],"categorized":[49],"as":[50],"White,":[51],"African-American,":[52],"Hispanic,":[53],"Asian/Pacific":[55,162],"Islander.":[56],"Maternal":[57],"outcome":[58],"measures":[59,243],"included":[60],"preterm":[61,86,247],"labor,":[62,248],"hypertensive":[63],"disorders":[64],"pregnancy,":[66],"gestational":[67,201,252],"diabetes,":[68,202],"antepartum":[69],"hemorrhage,":[70],"membrane":[71],"disorders,":[72],"cesarean":[73,134,157,249],"section,":[74,250],"postpartum":[76,182],"hemorrhage.":[77],"RESULTS:":[78],"African":[79,187,209],"Americans":[80,188],"more":[82,142,165],"likely":[83,143,166,238],"have":[85,145,168],"labor":[87],"(odds":[88],"ratio":[89,137],"[OR]":[90],"1.71),":[91],"preeclampsia":[92],"(OR":[93,100,105,108,112,116,123,131,147,151,154,170,174,177,184],"1.59),":[94],"transient":[95],"hypertension":[96,103],"pregnancy":[98],"(THP)":[99],"1.13),":[101],"pregnancy-induced":[102],"(PIH)":[104],"1.38),":[106],"diabetes":[107,146,169],"1.26),":[109,178],"placenta":[110,149,172],"previa":[111,150,173],"1.78),":[113],"placental":[114],"abruption":[115],"1.52),":[117],"premature":[118],"rupture":[119],"membranes":[121],"(PRM)":[122],"1.19),":[124],"infection":[125],"amniotic":[128],"cavity":[129],"(IAC)":[130],"1.95),":[132],"section":[135,158],"(risk":[136],"[RR]":[138],"1.08);":[139],"Hispanics":[140],"1.44),":[148],"1.20),":[152],"IAC":[153,179],"1.15),":[155],"(RR":[159],"1.06);":[160],"Islanders":[163],"2.05),":[171],"1.57),":[175],"PRM":[176],"(1.79),":[180],"hemorrhage":[183],"1.19).":[185],"CONCLUSIONS:":[186],"had":[189],"worst":[191],"when":[193],"adjusted":[194],"for":[195],"sociodemographic":[196],"characteristics":[197],"comorbidities.":[199],"Infection,":[200],"control":[204],"hypertension,":[206],"especially":[207],"Americans,":[210],"are":[211,237],"most":[213],"significant":[214],"preventable":[215],"risk":[216],"factors":[217],"contributing":[218],"disparities.":[220],"By":[221],"increasing":[222],"access":[223],"health":[225,227],"services,":[226],"education,":[228],"appropriate":[230],"perinatal":[231],"care":[232],"minority":[234],"populations,":[235],"improvements":[236],"occur":[240],"across":[241],"multiple":[242],"including":[244],"frequencies":[245],"diabetes.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
