{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1482274517","doi":null,"title":"The effects of elephant and mesoherbivores on woody vegetation.","display_name":"The effects of elephant and mesoherbivores on woody vegetation.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1482274517","mag":"1482274517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/7978","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7978","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7978","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7978","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003608916","display_name":"D. D. Georgette Lagendijk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-2696","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-2696"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. D. Georgette Lagendijk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-2696","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003608916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.05730000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-elephant","display_name":"Loxodonta africana","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesoherbivores","display_name":"mesoherbivores","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/browsing","display_name":"browsing","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/woody-vegetation","display_name":"woody vegetation","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/savanna-woodland","display_name":"savanna woodland","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sand-forest","display_name":"sand forest","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyala","display_name":"nyala","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-displacement","display_name":"competitive displacement","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-recruitment","display_name":"tree recruitment","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall","display_name":"rainfall","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbivore-management","display_name":"herbivore management","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exclosure-experiment","display_name":"exclosure experiment","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-height-classes","display_name":"tree height classes","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5797591805458069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128758860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757163","display_name":"Woody plant","level":2,"score":0.5044478178024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.47571852803230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4721812307834625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3350977301597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.33177274465560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.31515419483184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28135818243026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08818185329437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/7978","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7978","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7978","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:1482274517","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/10413/7978/1/Lagendijk_Daisy_Diana_Georgette_2011.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/7978","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7978","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7978","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322812","display_name":"Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1482274517.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1482274517.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":212,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12294379","https://openalex.org/W19686584","https://openalex.org/W68419103","https://openalex.org/W107685059","https://openalex.org/W111559470","https://openalex.org/W113606293","https://openalex.org/W142054087","https://openalex.org/W243957392","https://openalex.org/W262716444","https://openalex.org/W292071603","https://openalex.org/W322400591","https://openalex.org/W344869602","https://openalex.org/W1036380254","https://openalex.org/W1145625821","https://openalex.org/W1245858163","https://openalex.org/W1248043555","https://openalex.org/W1432914519","https://openalex.org/W1480092759","https://openalex.org/W1485084573","https://openalex.org/W1488512464","https://openalex.org/W1496932168","https://openalex.org/W1513832152","https://openalex.org/W1531850724","https://openalex.org/W1540640798","https://openalex.org/W1545129816","https://openalex.org/W1545138788","https://openalex.org/W1545566546","https://openalex.org/W1546156961","https://openalex.org/W1552674852","https://openalex.org/W1561689556","https://openalex.org/W1566741062","https://openalex.org/W1598459093","https://openalex.org/W1612362841","https://openalex.org/W1772416220","https://openalex.org/W1889756437","https://openalex.org/W1907988042","https://openalex.org/W1942818270","https://openalex.org/W1963885017","https://openalex.org/W1964561454","https://openalex.org/W1965756460","https://openalex.org/W1966730074","https://openalex.org/W1967901188","https://openalex.org/W1970158459","https://openalex.org/W1971221962","https://openalex.org/W1971946554","https://openalex.org/W1972554295","https://openalex.org/W1974877275","https://openalex.org/W1977600614","https://openalex.org/W1979198430","https://openalex.org/W1981272201","https://openalex.org/W1984908566","https://openalex.org/W1985263726","https://openalex.org/W1988542963","https://openalex.org/W1989667167","https://openalex.org/W1990321944","https://openalex.org/W1992632992","https://openalex.org/W1997304633","https://openalex.org/W1999948477","https://openalex.org/W2000626632","https://openalex.org/W2002163066","https://openalex.org/W2004476636","https://openalex.org/W2005197899","https://openalex.org/W2007289630","https://openalex.org/W2009091051","https://openalex.org/W2010356209","https://openalex.org/W2010718450","https://openalex.org/W2014772031","https://openalex.org/W2016313465","https://openalex.org/W2017424649","https://openalex.org/W2020854020","https://openalex.org/W2021053166","https://openalex.org/W2021972934","https://openalex.org/W2023940544","https://openalex.org/W2024769028","https://openalex.org/W2025976875","https://openalex.org/W2032460070","https://openalex.org/W2032564898","https://openalex.org/W2034384001","https://openalex.org/W2036788618","https://openalex.org/W2036848733","https://openalex.org/W2037514613","https://openalex.org/W2039097125","https://openalex.org/W2039246211","https://openalex.org/W2041089181","https://openalex.org/W2045273351","https://openalex.org/W2046463941","https://openalex.org/W2048246310","https://openalex.org/W2049193210","https://openalex.org/W2049388363","https://openalex.org/W2050536865","https://openalex.org/W2051624184","https://openalex.org/W2052245646","https://openalex.org/W2054410882","https://openalex.org/W2055376671","https://openalex.org/W2055684566","https://openalex.org/W2055731847","https://openalex.org/W2056780069","https://openalex.org/W2057936535","https://openalex.org/W2059537746","https://openalex.org/W2060808504","https://openalex.org/W2061966851","https://openalex.org/W2064113849","https://openalex.org/W2064611405","https://openalex.org/W2067490104","https://openalex.org/W2071241965","https://openalex.org/W2072421335","https://openalex.org/W2074874093","https://openalex.org/W2075003122","https://openalex.org/W2076163026","https://openalex.org/W2077099838","https://openalex.org/W2079008187","https://openalex.org/W2079707219","https://openalex.org/W2083212370","https://openalex.org/W2087187659","https://openalex.org/W2088185382","https://openalex.org/W2089007027","https://openalex.org/W2091063219","https://openalex.org/W2093686398","https://openalex.org/W2095063966","https://openalex.org/W2098041548","https://openalex.org/W2099172632","https://openalex.org/W2100927103","https://openalex.org/W2102441604","https://openalex.org/W2103517031","https://openalex.org/W2103589927","https://openalex.org/W2103733154","https://openalex.org/W2104968988","https://openalex.org/W2105365074","https://openalex.org/W2106531541","https://openalex.org/W2106536324","https://openalex.org/W2107188298","https://openalex.org/W2107651988","https://openalex.org/W2107811255","https://openalex.org/W2107875413","https://openalex.org/W2107881527","https://openalex.org/W2109941744","https://openalex.org/W2110214305","https://openalex.org/W2110659496","https://openalex.org/W2112775986","https://openalex.org/W2115257025","https://openalex.org/W2115688704","https://openalex.org/W2116751389","https://openalex.org/W2117636598","https://openalex.org/W2119266088","https://openalex.org/W2120213232","https://openalex.org/W2120428481","https://openalex.org/W2121224382","https://openalex.org/W2121500357","https://openalex.org/W2121548909","https://openalex.org/W2122597938","https://openalex.org/W2123861362","https://openalex.org/W2128020828","https://openalex.org/W2128983957","https://openalex.org/W2130975248","https://openalex.org/W2135077956","https://openalex.org/W2135498238","https://openalex.org/W2136347193","https://openalex.org/W2137600322","https://openalex.org/W2137735330","https://openalex.org/W2139561696","https://openalex.org/W2142042879","https://openalex.org/W2143086806","https://openalex.org/W2143618255","https://openalex.org/W2144261680","https://openalex.org/W2145876197","https://openalex.org/W2146353921","https://openalex.org/W2146420967","https://openalex.org/W2149734161","https://openalex.org/W2149765762","https://openalex.org/W2151669361","https://openalex.org/W2152056087","https://openalex.org/W2153337981","https://openalex.org/W2155697835","https://openalex.org/W2157206590","https://openalex.org/W2157952508","https://openalex.org/W2158180268","https://openalex.org/W2158269455","https://openalex.org/W2159639712","https://openalex.org/W2159836276","https://openalex.org/W2159909618","https://openalex.org/W2160826208","https://openalex.org/W2161257331","https://openalex.org/W2163232262","https://openalex.org/W2168473438","https://openalex.org/W2168603378","https://openalex.org/W2169709062","https://openalex.org/W2171517392","https://openalex.org/W2172722994","https://openalex.org/W2173933488","https://openalex.org/W2173937994","https://openalex.org/W2178663183","https://openalex.org/W2182305097","https://openalex.org/W2185570782","https://openalex.org/W2185752871","https://openalex.org/W2186920923","https://openalex.org/W2188168530","https://openalex.org/W2196622177","https://openalex.org/W2197307035","https://openalex.org/W2278873447","https://openalex.org/W2317055971","https://openalex.org/W2317576125","https://openalex.org/W2318004256","https://openalex.org/W2320988348","https://openalex.org/W2328278329","https://openalex.org/W2333111809","https://openalex.org/W2357285567","https://openalex.org/W2539821683","https://openalex.org/W2541951913","https://openalex.org/W2593139969","https://openalex.org/W2804882226","https://openalex.org/W3196852184","https://openalex.org/W4230991039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319790905","https://openalex.org/W2085558754","https://openalex.org/W1972554295","https://openalex.org/W7056200861","https://openalex.org/W2103495510","https://openalex.org/W2579016452","https://openalex.org/W1640136830","https://openalex.org/W2903679223","https://openalex.org/W1126475646","https://openalex.org/W7010208779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Herbivores":[0],"are":[1],"important":[2,88],"drivers":[3],"and":[4,25,57,68,74,80,85,143,153,169,172,186,214,220,226,251,255,259,282,295,304,307,322,336,349],"have":[5,28,36],"a":[6,102,200,265],"longstanding":[7],"history":[8],"in":[9,20,23,31,45,77,248],"shaping":[10],"our":[11],"terrestrial":[12],"\\nenvironments.":[13],"However,":[14],"during":[15],"the":[16,40,58,126,175,275],"past":[17],"decades,":[18],"changes":[19],"woody":[21,95],"vegetation":[22,72,246,281],"savanna":[24,78,89,201,213,337],"\\nforest":[26],"systems":[27],"been":[29,37],"observed":[30],"southern":[32],"Africa.":[33],"Subsequently,":[34],"concerns":[35],"raised":[38],"\\nabout":[39],"loss":[41],"of":[42,52,177,234,244,274],"(tall)":[43],"trees":[44],"areas":[46,348],"with":[47,62,148],"elephant.":[48],"The":[49,156,232],"relative":[50],"effects":[51,286,310],"browsing":[53,60,309],"herbivores":[54],"on":[55,270],"\\nvegetation":[56],"potential":[59],"interaction":[61],"other":[63,283],"herbivore":[64,276,301],"species":[65,179,184,191,209],"remain":[66],"unclear":[67],"\\nwere":[69,123],"examined":[70],"using":[71],"transects":[73],"exclosure":[75,159],"experiments":[76,160],"woodland":[79],"\\nSand":[81],"Forest.":[82],"\\nRainfall,":[83],"fire":[84,150],"elephant":[86,111,171,197,217,225,254],"were":[87,98,132,146],"determinants.":[90],"Especially":[91],"rainfall":[92],"positively":[93],"\\naffected":[94],"densities,":[96],"which":[97,285],"negatively":[99],"affected":[100,189,238],"by":[101,167],"longer":[103,149],"exposure":[104],"time":[105],"to":[106,110,134,199,312,319],"elephant,":[107],"\\nbut":[108],"not":[109,204],"densities":[112,145,207],"itself.":[113],"In":[114,193,211,328],"general,":[115],"within":[116],"South":[117],"Africa\u2019s":[118],"savannas,":[119],"tree":[120,181,190,206],"height":[121,130],"classes":[122,131],"absent":[124],"from":[125,346],"population":[127],"demography.":[128],"Different":[129],"likely":[133],"be":[135],"impacted":[136,166],"\\nby":[137],"different":[138,347],"drivers.":[139],"For":[140],"example,":[141],"seedling":[142],"sapling":[144],"greater":[147],"\\nreturn":[151],"periods":[152],"increased":[154],"rainfall.":[155],"Sand":[157,215,222,249,334],"Forest":[158,216,223,250,335],"showed":[161],"that":[162],"forest":[163],"\\nregeneration":[164],"was":[165],"nyala":[168],"both":[170,178,212,224,247,280],"nyala,":[173],"as":[174],"absence":[176],"\\nincreased":[180],"densities.":[182],"Both":[183],"combined,":[185],"individually,":[187],"also":[188,237],"\\nassemblages.":[192],"contrast,":[194],"short":[195],"term":[196],"access":[198],"area":[202],"did":[203],"affect":[205],"\\nor":[208],"assemblages.":[210],"displaced":[218,228],"mesoherbivores,":[219],"\\nin":[221],"mesoherbivores":[227,256],"their":[229,305],"smaller":[230],"counterparts.":[231],"\\npresence":[233],"competitive":[235,262],"displacement":[236,263],"recruitment":[239],"(i.e.":[240,261],"seedlings":[241],"and/or":[242],"saplings)":[243],"\\nwoody":[245],"savanna.":[252],"\\nThus,":[253],"exert":[257],"direct":[258],"indirect":[260],"\\nproviding":[264],"window":[266],"for":[267,341],"recruitment)":[268],"impact":[269],"vegetation.":[271],"Active":[272],"management":[273,317],"\\nspecies":[277],"assemblage":[278,302],"affects":[279],"herbivores,":[284],"potentially":[287],"\\ncascade":[288],"into":[289],"lower":[290],"trophic":[291],"levels,":[292],"jeopardising":[293],"biodiversity":[294,323],"ecosystem":[296],"processes.":[297],"Therefore,":[298],"\\nthe":[299,339],"full":[300],"present":[303],"combined":[306],"individual":[308],"need":[311,340],"\\nbe":[313],"considered":[314],"when":[315,343],"setting":[316],"goals":[318],"conserve":[320],"habitats":[321],"across":[324],"all":[325],"\\ntrophic":[326],"levels.":[327],"addition":[329],"some":[330],"contrasting":[331],"results":[332,345],"between":[333],"emphasise":[338],"caution":[342],"extrapolating":[344],"ecosystems.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
