{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1481972141","doi":null,"title":"A Native Intelligence Metric for Artificial Systems","display_name":"A Native Intelligence Metric for Artificial Systems","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1481972141","mag":"1481972141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.14.272","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.14.272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/documents/horst/PerMIS2002.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049519334","display_name":"John Albert Horst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-585X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-585X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Albert Horst","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049519334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08609062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13898","display_name":"Diverse Interdisciplinary Research Studies","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-content","display_name":"information content","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-systems","display_name":"artificial systems","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-complexity","display_name":"algorithmic complexity","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-strings","display_name":"bit strings","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-languages","display_name":"general-purpose languages","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7127764225006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.690205991268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.6703606843948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.549363911151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5481871962547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5364940762519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5357111692428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5211170315742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4620243012905121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162027153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264109","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4572851061820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33376505970954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22246333956718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13188612461090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08523979783058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.14.272","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.14.272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/documents/horst/PerMIS2002.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.74.2133","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.74.2133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/research_areas/research_engineering/Performance_Metrics/PerMIS_2002_Proceedings/Horst.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.860.6536","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.860.6536","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD%3DADA516080%26Location%3DU2%26doc%3DGetTRDoc.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W835336646","https://openalex.org/W1248057022","https://openalex.org/W1557478695","https://openalex.org/W1567347973","https://openalex.org/W1577491022","https://openalex.org/W1599906940","https://openalex.org/W1994584977","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2020829707","https://openalex.org/W2085005089","https://openalex.org/W2100317815","https://openalex.org/W2151554678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2344249152","https://openalex.org/W7095786863","https://openalex.org/W7214535933","https://openalex.org/W1569273492","https://openalex.org/W2040955063","https://openalex.org/W7097289873","https://openalex.org/W316813971","https://openalex.org/W6941155075","https://openalex.org/W2126520398","https://openalex.org/W7131820949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"define":[1],"native":[2,57,74,82],"intelligence":[3,75,83],"as":[4,22,36],"the":[5,10,66],"specified":[6],"complexity":[7],"inherent":[8],"in":[9,29,65],"information":[11],"content":[12],"of":[13,48,56],"an":[14],"artificial":[15,18],"system.":[16],"The":[17],"system":[19,24],"is":[20],"defined":[21,50],"a":[23,45,51,61,70],"that":[25],"can":[26],"be":[27],"encoded":[28],"some":[30,37],"general":[31],"purpose":[32],"language,":[33],"expressed":[34],"minimally":[35],"finite":[38,46],"length":[39],"bit":[40],"string,":[41],"and":[42],"decoded":[43],"by":[44],"set":[47],"rules":[49],"priori.":[52],"Using":[53],"this":[54,81],"definition":[55],"intelligence,":[58],"we":[59],"employ":[60],"chance":[62],"elimination":[63],"argument":[64],"literature":[67],"to":[68,80],"form":[69],"simple,":[71],"but":[72],"promising":[73],"metric.":[76],"Several":[77],"anticipated":[78],"objections":[79],"metric":[84],"are":[85],"discussed.":[86],"1":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
