{"id":"https://openalex.org/W14814360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1475","title":"Loss Not Need: The Ethics of Relief Giving in Natural Disasters","display_name":"Loss Not Need: The Ethics of Relief Giving in Natural Disasters","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W14814360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1475","mag":"14814360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15453/0191-5096.1475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185082372","display_name":"The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare","issn_l":"0191-5096","issn":["0191-5096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315973","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Western Michigan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1475&context=jssw","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048648467","display_name":"Thomas A. Leitko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49502546","display_name":"Alfred University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k81gt67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49502546"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Leitko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred University","Western MIchigan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49502546"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western MIchigan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030206998","display_name":"David R. Rudy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44206873","display_name":"Morehead State University","ror":"https://ror.org/018yta094","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44206873"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Rudy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morehead State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morehead State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44206873"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001466381","display_name":"Steven A. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-9487","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-9487"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49502546","display_name":"Alfred University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k81gt67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49502546"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven A. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred University","University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49502546"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00278932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.027699999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11430","display_name":"Disaster Response and Management","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-relief","display_name":"disaster relief","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-ethics","display_name":"social ethics","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-cross","display_name":"Red Cross","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-attitudes","display_name":"public attitudes","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redistributive-justice","display_name":"redistributive justice","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-disasters","display_name":"natural disasters","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-satisfaction","display_name":"citizen satisfaction","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166566181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065","display_name":"Natural disaster","level":2,"score":0.7660607099533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.7229605913162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908779519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826745","display_name":"Relief Work","level":2,"score":0.5555583834648132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.5400901436805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.5308985114097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5080933570861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.49297070503234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43528488278388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993622102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161355","display_name":"Public support","level":2,"score":0.41221240162849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4114609360694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.348501980304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2516101896762848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19770994782447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1721871793270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.15742719173431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.15381833910942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14284396171569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15453/0191-5096.1475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185082372","display_name":"The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare","issn_l":"0191-5096","issn":["0191-5096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315973","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Western Michigan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu:msu_faculty_research-1802","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/msu_faculty_research/806","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1475&context=jssw","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196632","display_name":"ScholarWorks - MoreheadState (Morehead State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44206873","host_organization_name":"Morehead State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44206873"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Research at Morehead State University","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.wmich.edu:jssw-1475","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol7/iss5/7","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol7/iss5/7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196527","display_name":"ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu:msu_faculty_research-1802","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/msu_faculty_research/806","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1475&context=jssw","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196632","display_name":"ScholarWorks - MoreheadState (Morehead State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44206873","host_organization_name":"Morehead State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44206873"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Research at Morehead State University","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W14814360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W14814360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2325890785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404306760","https://openalex.org/W2121896697","https://openalex.org/W7100227859","https://openalex.org/W2528910972","https://openalex.org/W2914060761","https://openalex.org/W7169527782","https://openalex.org/W4287643498","https://openalex.org/W2587342968","https://openalex.org/W1588827571","https://openalex.org/W2047365344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"social":[1],"ethics":[2],"of":[3,25,59,61,83,104,115],"relief":[4,10,54,90,143,153],"giving":[5,55,91,154],"(the":[6],"bases":[7,88,108],"on":[8],"which":[9],"ought":[11],"to":[12,28,38,46,155],"be":[13],"given)":[14],"in":[15,56,146],"natural":[16,57],"disaster":[17,116,128],"situations":[18],"are":[19,40,67,92,96,131],"explored":[20],"through":[21],"a":[22,62,101,139],"case":[23],"study":[24],"public":[26,36,70,81,106,134],"reactions":[27,37],"Red":[29,32,50,74],"Cross":[30,33,51,75],"activities.":[31],"policies":[34,77],"and":[35,42,52,80],"them":[39],"reviewed,":[41],"survey":[43],"data":[44],"pertaining":[45],"attitudes":[47],"toward":[48,53],"the":[49,105,113,133,157],"disasters":[58],"residents":[60],"western":[63],"New":[64],"York":[65],"county":[66],"presented.":[68],"Specifically,":[69],"satisfaction":[71],"with":[72,149],"present":[73],"dis:ribution":[76],"is":[78,119],"explored,":[79],"perceptions":[82],"\"loss":[84],"vs":[85],"need\"":[86],"as":[87],"for":[89,112,122,142],"examined.":[93],"Although":[94],"there":[95],"some":[97,147,150],"qualifications,":[98],"findings":[99],"show":[100],"large":[102],"segment":[103],"supporting":[107],"other":[109],"than":[110],"\"need\"":[111],"distribution":[114],"services.":[117],"This":[118],"especially":[120],"true":[121],"those":[123],"who":[124],"have":[125],"actually":[126],"received":[127],"aid.":[129],"Implications":[130],"that":[132],"does":[135],"not":[136],"always":[137],"support":[138],"redistributive":[140],"role":[141],"giving,":[144],"but":[145],"cases":[148],"populations":[151],"expects":[152],"reinforce":[156],"status":[158],"quo.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}