{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1479912259","doi":null,"title":"Using automatically acquired predominant senses for word sense disambiguation","display_name":"Using automatically acquired predominant senses for word sense disambiguation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1479912259","mag":"1479912259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.136.5255","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.136.5255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/w/w04/w04-0837.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1479912259"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063848163","display_name":"Diana McCarthy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana McCarthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003705762","display_name":"Rob Koeling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-2409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-2409"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Koeling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-2409","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016270907","display_name":"Julie Weeds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-4019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-4019"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Weeds","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-4019","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101474712","display_name":"John Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-4919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-4919"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-4919","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92480932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"151","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-sense-disambiguation","display_name":"word sense disambiguation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semcor","display_name":"SemCor","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senseval","display_name":"SENSEVAL","score":0.7919999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51646954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48522","display_name":"Word-sense disambiguation","level":3,"score":0.8696537017822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.841315507888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.750322163105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7473761439323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7076483964920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6894270777702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6038013696670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44572571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448970","display_name":"SemEval","level":3,"score":0.4416763186454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.18327122926712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157659113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533822","display_name":"WordNet","level":2,"score":0.12981802225112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.136.5255","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.136.5255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/w/w04/w04-0837.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23348240","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Using_automatically_acquired_predominant_senses_for_word_sense_disambiguation/23348240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:1479912259","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~mihalcea/senseval/senseval3/proceedings/pdf/mccarthy.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142000222","https://openalex.org/W162532888","https://openalex.org/W337717459","https://openalex.org/W1977182536","https://openalex.org/W2039217078","https://openalex.org/W2050712820","https://openalex.org/W2100935296","https://openalex.org/W2120973168","https://openalex.org/W2140148956","https://openalex.org/W2166776180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098814630","https://openalex.org/W2121147707","https://openalex.org/W2063330778","https://openalex.org/W2074947565","https://openalex.org/W1797725788","https://openalex.org/W2116555906","https://openalex.org/W2949105735","https://openalex.org/W2145262681","https://openalex.org/W2081523373","https://openalex.org/W2251332290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,66,123],"word":[1,24,57],"sense":[2,12,32,77,104,136,146],"disambiguation":[3],"(WSD),":[4],"the":[5,9,17,20,35,71,92,102,114,117,129,132,144],"heuristic":[6,33,78,105],"of":[7,19,22,37,73,131],"choosing":[8],"most":[10],"common":[11],"is":[13,25,119],"extremely":[14],"powerful":[15],"because":[16],"distribution":[18],"senses":[21,81],"a":[23,111],"often":[26],"skewed.":[27],"The":[28],"first":[29,76,103,135,145],"(or":[30],"predominant)":[31],"assumes":[34],"availability":[36],"handtagged":[38],"data.":[39,98],"Whilst":[40],"there":[41],"are":[42,50,82],"hand-tagged":[43],"corpora":[44],"available":[45],"for":[46],"some":[47],"languages,":[48],"these":[49],"relatively":[51],"small":[52],"in":[53,137,153],"size":[54],"and":[55,94],"many":[56,151],"forms":[58],"either":[59],"do":[60],"not":[61,120],"occur,":[62],"or":[63],"occur":[64],"infrequently.":[65],"this":[67,124],"paper":[68,125],"we":[69,127],"investigate":[70],"performance":[72,130],"an":[74],"unsupervised":[75],"where":[79,113],"predominant":[80],"acquired":[83,134],"automatically":[84,133],"from":[85,116,148],"raw":[86],"text.":[87],"We":[88],"evaluate":[89],"on":[90],"both":[91],"SENSEVAL-2":[93],"SENSEVAL-3":[95],"English":[96],"allwords":[97],"For":[99],"accurate":[100],"WSD":[101],"should":[106],"be":[107],"used":[108],"only":[109],"as":[110],"back-off,":[112],"evidence":[115],"context":[118],"strong":[121],"enough.":[122],"however,":[126],"examine":[128],"isolation":[138],"since":[139],"it":[140],"turned":[141],"out":[142],"that":[143],"taken":[147],"SemCor":[149],"outperformed":[150],"systems":[152],"SENSEVAL-2.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}